Let's now take up a much longer process called Route 1, Step 9; R1-9, Grand Tour. The R1-9 Grand Tour is one of the more interesting things to do with an exteriorized individual. It's a very simple process.

I want to talk to you now concerning the steps in Route 1, continuing with these steps on Route 1-8.

What you do is run Change of Space with enough interesting locales in it to show him that he can chase around a great deal of universe and look at a great many things.

Here we have, in exteriorization, the main difficulty on the part of an individual in perception. He believes that it is dangerous to look; this is his main reason for not seeing. He believes that it is dangerous to hear, which is his main reason for not hearing.

You would not do a Grand Tour until you had found out if he considered it was safe to look at some things, you see. So it's in its logical, natural place here.

Actually, there is a slightly better reason than these two main reasons. The main reason is he's a problem to himself if he can't see, and he's a problem to himself if he can't hear, can't smell, and so forth. We learned that under two-way communication, didn't we?

The Grand Tour can be short or long, but the minimum that you would do with a Grand Tour would be as follows: Teach him to be near certain planetary bodies and teach him to be in things and out of things — in other words, interiorized and exteriorized at will. In other words, put him across distances and move him in and out of things. Now, that's a Grand Tour using planetary bodies.

Well, he turns off his perception and this makes a very, very nice problem. And under Route 1-8, however, we discover most thetans have gotten into a condition where they believe that it is now so dangerous that it has ceased to be any kind of a problem. It's just simply very, very dangerous to perceive anything.

The commands could be quite imaginative, but make sure that if your commands are imaginative that they are of a character which can be obeyed. Make sure of that.

And so this is simply a process which, when the individual is exteriorized, gets him to change his consideration.

In all auditing — I'll put this in just as an aside — in all auditing, remember that a communication lag mustn't be interrupted. You ask the person a question; you can ask the same question again without his answering it, just prompting him to answer it, but he's got to answer the question you ask.

You must realize that on somebody exteriorized all you have to do is ask him to change his consideration and he is then capable. He can change his consideration that he is capable; he can change his consideration that he isn't capable.

Now, that is a little game the auditor plays. And an auditor who forgets this will discover that he asked the question and then doesn't get the answer, asks another question, doesn't get the answer to that, asks another question — all in an effort to help the preclear, you see. You've just stacked up three unfinished cycles of action for this preclear, just like that.

Actually, aside from coaxing him to deal with energy masses and perceptions, the only process there is to a Clear is ask him to change his mind. That's all the process there is: he changes a consideration. We drag him out of the field of mechanics, in other words, and as soon as we've got him out of the field of mechanics, why, he processes simply by getting him to change his mind.

Similarly, in giving him a command of execution, you say, "All right, be near the Moon," as one of the first commands of the Grand Tour — "Be near the Moon." And the fellow says, "The Moon? I can't find the Moon."

If a thetan exteriorized cannot change his mind, he is still very, very enmeshed in the whole theory of mechanics. And being enmeshed and immersed in mechanics, he feels that these mechanics are going to smite him one way or the other. The biggest deterrent to somebody getting into this state is fear of the environment, and the energy masses and spaces contained in it. That is the biggest deterrent to his changing his mind.

"Well, that's all right. Be near a steeple here in town." Druur! Oh, this is a bad auditor error, see.

As an individual gets smaller and smaller and goes on down the dwindling spiral, he believes that exterior forces are more and more dangerous to him. Now, the saw which is inserted at this point is really more of a saw than an axiom: A man is as sane as he believes himself to be dangerous to his environment. See, that's a very low-level look, isn't it? But he is as sane as he believes himself dangerous to his environment. That's very true of man.

Communication lag — all that fellow was giving you was communication lag. You said "Be near the Moon," and he said, "Let's see. Well, I really can't find the Moon. I don't know where the Moon is. Where would the Moon be? I wouldn't dare be up there near the Moon, anyhow," and so forth.

So this is Dianetics, mainly, we're talking about when we say "man," "dangerous to his environment," and so forth. People come up through a tooth-and-claw strata before they get up into a sanity.

That's just what? Communication lag outflow, isn't it? Eventually he will be able to be near the Moon. He'll think it over and he'll regard the sit .. . He's being a little bit scared, see — that's the only reason he's doing this — which means, really, that you didn't run R1-8 long enough to make him feel safe to look at things, you see.

"All roads lead through force;" that is another saw. "All roads lead through force." Anybody who has seen the now-nonextant lecture charts of the Philadelphia sixty-four hours of lecture will recall that one of the last lecture charts there has a big "Force" inscribed in the middle of the chart. [See lecture chart in the Appendix of this volume.]

So, we say that you've run R1-8 long enough, then you can do a Grand Tour. Things are safe to look at, which means it's safe to locate — things are safe to locate.

All right. The first thing you'd ask him, as you start the Grand Tour, you'd ask him to be near Earth. Well, now he's already on Earth or around here somewhere. "Be near Earth" merely asks him to be cognizant of the fact that he's somewhere in the vicinity of this planet. And then you say, the next line, "Be near the Moon." And that asks him to be somewhere in the vicinity of the Moon.

And then low-level aspects of the Chart of Attitudes are below this huge word Force, and the high-level aspects of the Chart of Attitudes are above this word Force. And, let us say, Distrust is below Force, you see, and Trust is above Force. But to get from Distrust up to Trust, it is necessary to cross the bridge of Force. If there's any bridge involved here anywhere in Dianetics or Scientology it is a bridge called Force. An individual believes that forces are greater than him-self. He believes he himself cannot cope with the forces around him. And we discover that an individual is very prone to believe that all forces are greater than he is.

Well, of course, he'll try to move to the Moon many times, you know, and sort of get out a canoe, or a small space boat, or something of the sort, and row himself up to the Moon. People get a little bit strange about this. All he has to do is postulate he's near the Moon and he's there. And he can see anything he wants to see when he's there.

Actually, he would never have to be afraid of force at all unless he him-self were being a mass of some sort. Force can only impinge itself upon mass of one kind or another. A thetan either mocks up a little piece of mass to receive sound waves, and so hear, or he is no mass at all and the sound wave goes straight through him. Well, he could do either one at will; so he could hear or not hear. There isn't any mechanical action, by the way, to hearing, really. One simply postulates that he hears and he hears; and he postulates he doesn't hear and he doesn't hear. That's about all there is to that.

You say, "Be near the Moon," and he says, "Okay, I'm near the Moon." And the next thing you would say to him would be "Be near the Sun," and then "Be near the Earth" again.

But as long as he's down below Force, as long as he feels that he is op-pressed by the enormity of space, by the savageness of electrons battering him by explosions, and so on, as long as he feels that he can be injured by force of any character, why, you will find him below this level of Force on this chart. He believes all force is dangerous to him. He does not believe that he himself can emanate force which would be dangerous to anything or anybody else.

Now, you've taken him from the Earth to the Moon, to the Sun, back to Earth again, haven't you? Now, that's why we mean Grand Tour; we're changing space. We mean him to suddenly appear at a precision spot someplace — not to move to it, but to be at that spot and to look from, simply look, from a location; that's all we're asking him to do.

Now, the only reason a word or symbol has any effect on somebody is because he's below the band of Effort. Now, similarly, the common denominator of all people who are having any difficulty in life — similarly — that common denominator is inability to experience effort. In other words, they can't work, they can't play, they can't move and so on. They're afraid to experience effort.

So we say, "Be near Earth. Be near the Moon. Be near the Sun. Be near Earth." And we could keep on doing this, and would keep on doing this for some time. "Be near the Moon. Be near the Sun. Be near Earth." And you'll find out that he will start doing it much more rapidly than he was doing it before. And so you will have to telegraph it to him much more easily.

In other words, force is outside someplace, threatening them. Now, the only reason a symbol has any effect upon an individual — for instance, the only reason you could criticize somebody and have him feel bad about it — is because your verbal criticism is associated by him with times when he has been hit, invalidated.

You will have to say to him — as you commonly do, although it disobeys one of the primary factors of auditing; it makes him remember the rest of the thing — you say, "Moon. Sun. Earth." It's actually better auditing to say, "Be near the Moon. Be near the Sun. Be near Earth. Be near the Moon. Be near the Sun. Be near Earth." Well, you just chase him around on that circuit. It's really better auditing to tell him that each time, you see. Chase him around the circuit.

Now, invalidation, criticism ... Criticism is the lowest level, and then we get outright, overt invalidation, and then tight above that we get this rather more understandable thing of the lightning bolt, see. And a fellow could only take criticism to heart if he were afraid of lightning bolts.

You'll find out that he goes more rapidly. In fact, he will start going so rapidly that vocal commands become arduous for him; he'll have to wait around for all these words to get out.

You see, he's got as criticism, actually, a symbol of force. If he's afraid of criticism, then basically he's afraid of force. Invalidation converts immediately, as you come upscale, into force. "Invalidation" means to be hit. But if you could impress somebody by invalidating him — telling him he really didn't think that, or he really didn't believe that, or something — it's because he's afraid of being hit. You see? And he associates the little criticism that you give him, or the contradiction that you give him, with force. He has been taught to avoid. And when even the symbol of force shows up (criticism), he then backs off. So he is below the Force band.

Well, what's the first phenomenon that is noticed by the auditor? — that he is moving slowly at first and then that he is moving more rapidly. Well now, there's another phenomenon which is the same phenomenon really. It is that the thetan is in the influence of gravity when you start to run R1-9; to a greater or lesser degree he is influenced by gravity as an awareness of awareness unit. See, he is under the influence of gravity. And as you chase him on this circuit, he finds he can be near these bodies without experiencing their gravity. See, that's a big gain, isn't it? He can be near these bodies without experiencing their gravity.

He is actually in conjunction with a body which is extremely liable to wreckage by reason of force. He's extremely tender. A body goes two miles, three, four miles in the air, it starts to notice it very badly. If it went ten or twenty miles up in the air, it would probably die — I mean, it can't survive up there. If it went five miles in toward the core of earth ... That isn't very far, you know. If earth was reduced to the size of an apple, you wouldn't be able to find five miles thick with a microscope. And he goes down toward the center of earth just five miles, and it is much too warm and intolerable. The body is a frail mechanism mainly. And he is trying to protect this body.

So, he will notice as he swings in and gets near the Moon, you see, that he starts to go down to the surface of the Moon. "Be near the Sun," he starts to swu-uuu, see. And he starts to get close to the surface of the Sun. "And you be near Earth," and he starts to swing down on Earth. Well, as you chase him around there, he less and less has a tendency to do that. In other words, he can fix himself much more precisely because he's gotten over the idea that he is interfered with by gravity.

And so, as he is protecting the body — he'll eventually start hiding the body, by the way — but if he is protecting the body, he is protecting it from what? He is protecting it from space, from force. You see? And a thetan gets himself associated with a body very thoroughly, and thereafter he becomes afraid of force because he knows the body can affect force.

All right. Do you follow me, then — what you're doing and why this Change of Space is that way?

Nothing can affect a thetan. Remember this: Nothing possibly can affect a thetan. As a matter of fact, as ultimate effect he cannot be affected. As ultimate cause he actually cannot himself be an energy bolt; he can only say he is. And here we have cause and effect. And as far as a thetan is concerned or an awareness of awareness unit is concerned, he would be at either end of this line, and he would have to have some kind of an energy mass at both ends of the line in order to be cause and effect, you see. There'd have to be some energy in there someplace. Well, he'd have to be protecting or holding on to that energy. He would have had to have postulated that he was some section of this energy to be affected or, actually, to begin some type of cause.

Well now look, though, remember what I first told you in R1-8 — remember R1-8? I told you that if he was going to be influenced by anything, if he was going to be an effect, remember, he would have to himself be hanging on to some mass, you know? As you chase him around to the Moon, to the Sun, to the Earth, and he is less and less influenced by gravity, you must be taking some mass away from him, huh? Ah, so that is the thing you must remember in running the Grand Tour: remedy his havingness.

In order to be thorough cause, for instance, he could postulate a bolt of energy out in front of him. But he would have to postulate also that he was connected with that to even get the idea that he was being affected by it.

"Put up eight anchor points and pull them in on yourself. Put up eight anchor points and pull them in on yourself. Put up eight anchor points and pull them in on yourself." Ah, he feels better!

One of the most difficult things a thetan faces is really trying to affect another thetan or to be an effect himself, or to actually overtly discover the cause of anything. You see, the cause, the real cause of anything, has no mass and so can't be located in space. All right.

But this new energy that he mocked up is not now under the influence of gravity. So he can chase around to these various places and he can be fluid as can be. He can have his pockets full of old tin cans and other things which he's mocked up and it doesn't bother him. You see? You've freed him of gravity, even though you have given him some mass — but gravity is merely a consideration.

So this thetan must have postulated that he was something, that he's being something, before he can be the effect of force. Do you follow that now? Overt-motivator phenomena, all these other things, can only take place if the individual has postulated that he is something that can be the effect of force.

All right. Let's get to the next point which is really destructive in the Grand Tour, really destructive of havingness. You have him find a rock and have him be inside that rock, and then have him be outside of it, and then be inside of it, and then be outside of it, and then be inside of it. By the way, a thetan drilled this way ceases to be afraid of being trapped, do you see this? All a trap is, is being inside something, interiorized. All right. And as long as he's afraid of being trapped, he will get into things, see, and stick.

And so, one of the best ways I know of — if somebody has very poor perception — one of the most effective things that you can do with him to improve his perception is just ask him, "Now, look around you and find some-thing that it is safe for you to look at." "What is there in this room that's safe for you to look at?" you say to him.

All right. So you say, "Be inside the rock. Be outside the rock. Be inside the rock. Be outside the rock. Be inside the rock. Be outside the rock." And along about that moment, you will notice that his havingness is shot. So you'll say, "Put up eight anchor points and pull them in. Put up eight anchor points and pull them in. Put up eight anchor points and pull them in. Put up eight anchor points and pull them in. Put up eight anchor points and pull them in. Be inside the rock. Outside the rock. Inside the rock. Outside the rock. Inside the rock." This is about the speed of auditing, by the way, because if you're dealing with somebody exteriorized, there's no reason to put on the brakes. As soon as he executes or gives you any signification that he's executed, you give him the next auditing command. That is one of the hardest things that it takes an auditor to learn — is the fact that somebody exteriorized is fast! All right.

Oh, and some of these thetans, they'll look and they'll look and they'll look and they'll look, and they'll finally opine that there probably is a dust particle under the couch that it would be really safe for them to look at. Ah, but that's an improvement. "Find something else that it would be safe for you to look at. Something else it would be safe for you to look at." And get an answer each time from him. "Something else it would be safe for you to look at. Something else it would be safe for you to look at." And do you know the environment becomes plainer and plainer?

So, "Be inside the rock. Outside the rock. Inside the rock. Outside the rock. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Inside the rock. Outside the rock. Inside the rock. Outside the rock. Inside the rock. Outside the rock. Okay. Center of Earth." Now, why did you take a rock? Well, that's just gradient scale, because you're working up to the center of Earth.

And now you could go out the same line, and you could say, "Give me something now which it would be safe for you to hear." And he'll get a condition or a concept at first: "Well, somebody could say 'Hello' to me, you know, or 'Good day' or 'How are you?' That would be safe to hear." He means the idea would be safe to pay some attention to.

All right. So you want him to be "Center of Earth. Outside Earth. Inside Earth. Outside Earth. Inside Earth. Outside Earth. Inside Earth. Outside Earth. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Inside the Moon. Outside the Moon. Inside the Moon. Outside the Moon. Inside the Moon. Outside of the Moon. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Inside the Sun. Outside the Sun. Inside the Sun. Outside the Sun. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Inside Earth. Outside Earth. Inside Earth. Outside Earth. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in. Eight anchor points and pull them in." That is about your speed of auditing, by the way.

You want a beam of energy of something that it would be really safe to hear. But you just ask him this and he'll improve his consideration. The simple auditing command is "Give me something which would be safe for you to listen to." That's while he's exteriorized, you see.

Okay. Well, what's happened to this boy about this time, though? If you didn't tell him to remedy his havingness, he would have just gone zuum-zuum-zuum. You're ripping to pieces every facsimile and engram that he is privately, secretly holding on to that tells him he can be trapped. You're just tearing them up at a mad rate. So let's give him havingness to make it up. It is the havingness which is the thing, not the significance of the havingness.

Now, you could run this process interiorized, too, you see. But it really is a Route 1 process, or exteriorized process. "Give me something that is safe for you to look at." Now, there's Straightwire questions which are used on an interiorized basis: "What wouldn't you mind looking at?" You see, that's the same sort of thing. "What wouldn't you mind listening to?" "What would listen to you?" "What wouldn't you mind looking at you?" Something on this order will pro-duce a considerable change on somebody whether he's inside or outside.

When you finish up this drill ... It doesn't matter how long you take at it. Actually, a Grand Tour can be conducted in about a half an hour, total. But when you have finished this up you will have somebody who is no longer worried about gravity, who is no longer worried about being trapped and who is no longer worried about such things as the atomic blasts of the Sun.

But the basic question of R1-8 is: You tell him, "Now, look around. Now, what is it safe for you to look at in the environment, in your surroundings here?" And just get them to name item after item after item after item. "Now, what is it safe for you to listen to?" And if you wanted to go the rest of the way on perception, "What would it be safe for you to smell?" "What would it be safe for you to taste?" You see? And he gradually has to improve his consideration and he realizes that he can experience force — that there aren't forces immediately surrounding him here which are going to murder him, mow him down, blow him up.

Now, there are many odds and ends that you throw in on a Grand Tour: "Find a Sun plume." The fellow says, "Yeah."

A lot of people, the first moment they exteriorize, will hear the auditor's voice while exteriorized, and it will scare them half out of their wits. And they will go back inside — boom! — you see, and then you have to dig them out again. Hearing something outside is very startling to them. That's because you're asking them to take on more than they can.

"Can you hear it?"

You've got to let a thetan learn that he can safely experience any force phenomena in this universe before he will cease to be trapped in the universe. As long as he is going to be afraid of force phenomena in this universe, he is going to be trapped in this universe. Do you follow me?

"Yeah." See, there's no air around the Sun but an electronic field can carry sound. One of the reasons a thetan is more afraid of sound than anything else is because it is, in the early part of the track, associated not with air, but by an electronic blast. The electronic blast itself was carrying sound.

The only way you make him trapped in anything is get him to be afraid of the force phenomena. The greatest thing a thetan is afraid of, of course, is unknowns. But that's also taken up in Route 2; he's afraid of not-knowing. But then afraid of not-knowing is the consideration back of the consideration of force.

So you say, "Find a plume and slide down on it to the face of the Sun. Find a plume and slide down to the face of the Sun." You're, in other words, coaxing him to move. Now you teach him to move.

Okay. Now, do you understand this Route 1, part 8?

You could have him find Mars. "Be outside of Mars and move down on the surface." But he's immediately going to discover the force field of Mars. I'm sorry that this has to be so. It's not science fiction. He will always discover the force field of Mars. There's something wrong with Mars.

Good.

And you say, "Move down to the surface of Mars." He doesn't like that. "Be on the surface of Mars."

"Okay"

"Be outside of Mars. On the surface of Mars. Outside of Mars. Be on the surface of Mars. Outside of Mars. Now, move down to surface of Mars."

Nyaa-nya-yann-nya-nya-ruu-ruu. He doesn't like that a bit. "Well, all right. I made it. Hey, what do you know. Uh-hu! Hey, there's something around here."

"Well, move out to the outer atmosphere of Mars. Move down to the surface of Mars." He finally gets so he can move through force fields.

Every once in a while you'll discover some boy who is standing there looking at a huge ultraviolet ball, or a big pyramid, such as you see on the dollar bill in all it . . . Actually, it's almost the exact emblem of the dollar bill. That's the Gates of Mars. That's a between-life area. He'll run into this and tell you all about it. Well, now don't you be surprised; it's simply the Gates of Mars — the call-back area. Just run Change of Space.

Now, the rest of this is Change of Space. Now, there's a whole list in the printed edition of the Auditor's Handbook that tells you all the places you change space.

How do you run somebody on Change of Space? It is something like Spotting Spots, but is the thetan's way of spotting spots. "Now, be in the childhood home. Be here. Be in the childhood home. Be here. Be in the child-hood home."

"Now be in this room" is better parlance. "Be in the childhood home. Be in this room. Childhood home. Be in this room. Childhood home. Be in this room." Back and forth, back and forth. Havingness rips to shreds, facsimiles fly off in all directions. You say, "Mock up eight anchor points and pull them in. Mock up eight childhood homes and pull them in. Eight more childhood homes and pull them." (It doesn't matter what you ask him to mock up.)

"Okay, now be at your entrance point to the MEST universe." That's a swindle, by the way. He was already in the MEST universe and then somebody got ahold of him and told him he's now in the MEST universe. He'll find this out.

Change of Space: If he's doing Change of Space very, very slowly it means that he's very short on havingness, so you just remedy havingness harder. If he gets real slow on Change of Space, remedy his havingness harder. That's the general law that goes back of this.

Now, you see what a Grand Tour is? A Grand Tour is essentially just chasing him around known parts of this universe. It could be extended; you could chase him all over the physical universe. You could have him be in the center of galaxies — anything you want — as long as you remember to remedy his havingness, to be in a certain spot, be in a certain spot, be in a certain spot, be in a certain spot (each time naming a different spot), and be inside of something and be outside of something.

One of the common practices in the Grand Tour is asking him to be in-side a black star — outside it, inside it, outside it, inside it. And ooh boy, does that rip him to pieces, because there are black stars up there which are so heavy and so dense that electrons can't escape from them, so they appear to be black but they are a seething electronic mass immediately on their surfaces.

That is a Grand Tour. It teaches a person not to be afraid of distance, so on. It is something which is run in stabilizing, and is a standard step and a necessary step in the stabilizing of a preclear.

Okay.