NOW, HERE IS YOUR INDIVIDUAL, then, and he has 10 percent theta and 90 percent entheta. In other words, he has so many engrams which have trapped so many secondaries which have so many locks on top of them, that, regardless of his sonic and visio - he might be able to get all the way back with sonic and visio, because just entheta doesn't shut off sonic and visio, you understand - he's getting down the Tone Scale here and all of a sudden we do one of two things: We give this fellow some terrifically bad news, we get him all enturbulated, feed him a lot of bad news and the 10 percent remaining theta is hit by 90 percent entheta - if he fully enturbulated, and he'll spin in; we could do that to him. Or we could give him some terribly authoritarian auditing. We could say, "You know this is your theta! You know this is because you were beaten when you were two years of age! You know this is because you love your mother - now, you've got to admit this - isn't it? And it's all delusion, isn't it?" Fellow goes home and blows his brains out. That's what happens!

But supposing we said, "Well, now let me see, 10 percent theta and 90 percent entheta, boy, we certainly had better not drive very hard because we've only got 10 percent in this case to work with, we're reinforcing the case a bit so the case can do something. But, hmmm, we'd just better handle it very lightly. Let's see if we can't get 11 percent theta."

So we go in, see, so on. First thing you know, we make this fellow perceive something in present time and perceive it accurately and maybe we've got our 1 percent gain. And then we knock out this lock, this terribly heavy lock, of somebody dropping a piece of paper and we've got 11.0001 percent theta, see?

The basic definition of Dianetics has been very happily furnished us by Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary, Supplement No. 5:

And we creep up on it this way and we get just a little more of this and a little more of that off of the case, and we convert the lightest and tiniest deposits of entheta that we can convert on this case to theta.

Dianetics, noun: A system for the analysis, control and development of human thought evolved from a set of coordinated axioms which also provide techniques for the treatment of a wide range of mental disorders and organic diseases: term and doctrines introduced by L. Ron Hubbard, American engineer. (Greek dianoetikos — dia. through, plus noos, mind) — Dianetic, adjective.

Fortunately, it seems to go by a power - just as a person spins in by a power. You know, I mean, the person may be 50/50, something like that, and he gets a terrible piece of bad news and goes crazy - in other words, spins in or goes into a complete apathy, which is the same thing.

Dianetics is a thoroughly validated method of increasing sanity. If you think of it in those terms you are not liable to go very far wrong. It is a method of increasing sanity and it is the only validated method in existence for increasing sanity, except for going out and having a really good time.

You know, people can be crazy for ten minutes - ragingly angry or completely apathetic for only ten minutes - and then come back again. They were crazy for that ten minutes, according to definition, you know. But if they went all entheta suddenly and if the entheta were held there, it triggered enough engrams to trap the existing theta, that person would then stay insane until some auditor came along and started working it out on the basis of "Let's see, how can I obtain 1 percent theta on this case?" He does that merely by getting into communication with a fellow or mimicking him or anything - getting him just to contact present time, just that much. If he does that, he's got his 1 percent theta; then he can start to work. And it sort of goes by a power. If he gets it up to 10 percent, he'll get up to 20. If he gets it to 20, you go to 40 and then he starts to work on it a little bit harder, because by this time he's having to attack, probably, engrams themselves.

It happens that there are many ways to describe Dianetics to somebody who walks up to you suddenly and asks, “Dianetics? What is that?” Don’t fumble for a definition, because it makes you look unsure. You should have a good, fast definition ready — for instance, “Dianetics? Dianetics is a method of erasing all the pain out of a person’s lifetime. If a person had no pain in his lifetime, he would be a fairly happy person, wouldn’t he?” And they agree, so you say, “In Dianetics you just erase all the pain out of his lifetime and he is well.”

The engram is what traps things. All right, he goes into the engram, he gets the physical pain off but he's invested a lot of theta as a heavy lock on the line, and there are other engrams on this case that permit that theta to be retained. What entheta he got off the case, he could put back in again as entheta. Do you understand now how you could go on erasing engrams in a case without moving the preclear on the Tone Scale? He wouldn't come up the Tone Scale. You're just taking the theta you have and you're taking it - the entheta out of the engram, but it costs you this much theta to take that much entheta out and you could just seesaw back, forth, back and forth, back and forth, without accomplishing a great deal. But if you are doing that, you probably shouldn't be reducing engrams.

That is a very convincing definition. It is actually what you are doing, although I prefer to think of it in the very simple terms of converting the pain of a lifetime to happiness and sanity. Now, that may sound a little bit too Pollyannaish as a definition, but it is actually what you are doing, after all. If you start converting the pain and anguish of a person’s life to useful, forceful thought, you are doing a great deal for him.

That's what happens to these cases when they're too static. They'll be around 2.0 or 1.5 or something like that and the auditor keeps insisting on erasing engrams. Maybe he can actually get erasure on engrams, but he's keeping this case enturbulated continually and this case is not coming up the Tone Scale! So, we're not getting the heavy automatic reaction of disenturbulation of entheta by having theta up near it.

The methods which have been used up to this time have all been called Standard Procedure. It is very interesting to hear somebody out in the field say, “This new method I have of standing the preclear on his head in the corner and auditing him through a megaphone replaces Standard Procedure.” Believe me, if there is any way at all of increasing the efficacy of processing by standing a preclear on his head in the corner and auditing him through a megaphone, that will become part of Standard Procedure!

The thing to do would be to get this person all the way up to the top of the Tone Scale if he possibly could and then let this very high theta volume, or theta clarity, suddenly kick back against the entheta on the case and disenturbulate him.

Standard Procedure is an extremely varying affair. It would probably be better called Proven Procedure. It changes about every sixty days, at least; it changes in the direction of less work and thought on the part of the auditor and faster processing for the preclear.

Now, here we're talking about mechanics, we're not talking about phrases. You are very well acquainted, undoubtedly, with what phrases can do in engrams. All we're doing is talking about a basic theory now. And you see that the basic theory is relatively simple.

In the income tax bureau they have the optimum of one income tax employee for every taxpayer. We are working toward a reductio ad absurdum about like that with Standard Procedure. In Standard Procedure we want an empty chair to be the auditor and thirty seconds to be the entire duration of processing, so that all Dianetics can do for a person will have been done at the end of thirty seconds with no auditor sitting there. This would be the reductio ad absurdum.

In this new book a great deal of stress is laid on the Tone Scale. And here we have a Chart of Human Evaluation. A well - known psychometrist down on the coast called this an important milestone in the field of psychometry and that it compared in psychology to, I think it's Mendeleev's, whoever that old boy is. I know I used to sit in the chemistry classroom and go to sleep and watch his chart up on the wall - the periodic chart - in chemistry is a standard chart of reaction.

Better results in less time, with less intelligence or less application or less understanding necessary on the part of the auditor, is the goal we are working toward. Each time we make an advance we come closer to that goal, which is really a very desirable one.Unless we can produce a good release in twenty hours, I don’t think we will be able to walk into the federal government, for instance, and say, “The contract for returning sanity to all the criminals in all the prisons and to all the psychotics in all of your institutions, and of bringing all of your government workers up into the band of sanity, will be so much a head,” and have the government be very anxious to pick up this contract. But if we can get it to that level, to a point where we can forecast the result in a certain number of hours, even the federal income tax bureau could understand it! We can forecast the result now, but it is true that auditor skill is enormously variable and the state of the preclear when you first get your hands on him is enormously variable. As a result, the length of time processing is going to take is extremely variable.

There's a possibility, just a possibility, that with this Chart of Human Evaluation we have somewhat the equivalent of that in the humanities now. Now, that would be important if that were true. I hope it continues to bear out. I, by the way, I've gotten in trouble twice with this chart, just twice. Each time I didn't believe it myself and I said, "Well, although this chart by derivation and past experience with preclears indicates that the person with whom I am dealing here would stab a kitten in the back, I don't believe the chart and I will treat this person as an honest human being."

Also, it is actually possible, evidently, for a person to go on being processed for a long time by patty-cake processing and other processes — just having the person lie on a couch, with the auditor talking to him or something — and to remain almost static on the tone scale. The auditing that does this has to be so thoroughly incompetent that the Board of Certification would probably faint dead away if they even heard five words of it; it would have to be that bad. But auditors are around doing things that are that bad.

Everything following through is because I did not evaluate the human beings involved according to my own chart! I taught myself a lesson! I'm never going to jump this chart again or throw it aside.

Now, Science of Survival was written in the interest of communicating a very simple technique which will then make it possible for the auditor to achieve results on the simplest level, for a better auditor to do more for the case and for a professional auditor to do a great deal more for the case. We have a gradient scale of auditing that can be taken out of this present work.

But you auditors are probably, each one of you, going to learn this lesson yourself. You will get this case and it's wide open, and this person says, "Why, I'm in beautiful shape. And my father and mother were always so sweet to me and everything is fine and I've been so constructive all my life and I have no domestic trouble at all."

There is a basic theory that underlies this; it is called the Theta-MEST theory. Some people may have trouble trying to figure out what the Theta-MEST theory is, but if you have any trouble it is simply because you are trying to make it too complicated. It is too simple; that is the trouble with the Theta-MEST theory.

And the auditor says, "Gee, this case has got sonic and visio and oh, man, can this case run on the time track and so on. Well, I'll have it cleared just here in no time and there's no reason to check it up on this chart."

Theta stands for thought. Once upon a time man talked about his soul; philosophers have talked about “life energy” and “cosmic consciousness.” All of these things could be called Theta. In other words, Theta is just the Greek word which comes the closest to saying “thought.” So let’s take thought as a separate energy, as something we don’t know a great deal about, and we will just compartment it out of the physical universe.

So he'll send the preclear charging back down the line - basic - basic - thud! And the preclear will scream a couple of times, moan faintly and never get up to present time again until the auditor has treated this case the way he should have: as a psycho. This case is probably in a manic. Maybe that sonic and visio is 100 percent dub - in. Horrible.

We know the physical universe. The physical universe is this desk and that chair and that light and the electricity running through that light; it is very simple. We have all had our tiffs and bumps from the physical universe. We know about the physical universe. We call that MEST. It is called MEST because it is made up of matter, energy, space and time; we take the first letter of each one of those words and put them all together and we have MEST.

Each one of you will probably do this at least once in using this chart before you're convinced.

So we have matter, which is energy formed into solids. Then there is energy itself, which could be heat, electricity, or any type or any manifestation of energy of which we know in the physical universe. And there is space; we all know what space is — space is this empty stuff. And then there is time, which is what very few of us have enough of. This is the physical universe, and MEST is just another way of saying “the physical universe.”

When you take people at random, you shouldn't tell them where they lie on the chart, because people - aberrated people who come to you - they're pretty far down on this chart, pretty far down. I've marked normal at 2.5 on this chart. Boy, was I charitable. Normal is below that, I'm afraid, in this current society.

We could also get very erudite and call it phi — another Greek syllable — and that would stand for “physical universe.” But this starts to sound too much like “having to have a label because we don’t understand what we are talking about,” so let’s just call it MEST and let it go at that. And by MEST we mean the physical universe.

It might have been higher than that and the general tone of this society might have been higher before World War II, but a lot happened to us; very enturbulating during these past ten years. People are not very high on this chart.

Now, evidently the theory of “mud to man” has not worked out too well. The biologist says, “Spontaneously arising from the ammonia seas of the world was a form of life which became more and more complicated, and it evolved and evolved and all of a sudden there was a man. And that is all there is to it.”

You know the original chart - you know this chart well, undoubtedly. It starts at 0.0 and goes up to 4.0; that's the original chart. Zero is death, 4.0 is ostensibly a MEST Clear, clear of engrams. That's all that means, by the way, no engrams. Clear - that's all Clear means is no engrams. A 4.0 could be anybody, however.

You look at him fixedly and say, “Yes, but what about this basic unit of life?” He says, “Well, that was probably a virus or a monocell or something.” “But how did it come into being?”

At some time during your life any one of you have been 4.0. I call attention - I was doing this the other night - did you ever wake up when you were a little kid and the bright dew was on those leaves and the day was so bright and crystal clear and you had so many things to do and you were tremendously enthusiastic, you just knew nothing could go - possibly go wrong. You didn't think about things going wrong. And the air was so fresh and your breakfast tasted good and you went outside and you loved everybody and so forth. That's tone 4.

“Well, it just fortuitously came into being. It just happened at that moment there were enough factors present so that they combined and this happened.”

This has happened to a lot of people a lot of times. There's hardly anybody in his lifetime who hasn't experienced at least a few periods of 4.0.

This is just exactly like that mountain of iron that fell over sideways upon the oil well and somehow or other fortuitously happened to produce a new Cadillac! The odds against the mud- to-man theory, to anyone who wants to figure this out actuarially, are so great that when you add to them the odds of this organism going on and getting more and more complex, you get into an imponderable.

A person could have three quarters of his engrams intact and still be at 4.0. Well, we have a difference here of definitions. It is not an absolute state. You could take a person at 4.0 who had few, if any, engrams, you could still get him enturbulated so he would momentarily act on a 1.5. It's certain that you could! You could throw him enough bad news and enough trouble to enturbulate his existing theta and he would come down. The difference is that he'd go back up. And your person with lots of engrams and secondaries, if pulled down that suddenly and that sharply, would only go back a part way. That's the liability of the engram. You understand this?

Men in the past have solved this imponderable by saying “God made man and that’s all there is to it. And shut up!”

Anybody, then, could be a 4.0 just like anybody could be dead.

We find this to be a far more acceptable theory, if we want to call it a theory, because we would say this “cosmic consciousness,” or whatever it is called, is a determination to do something to the physical universe. We find out our first axiom is simply in the line of “Theta has as its mission, or one of its missions, the changing of MEST.” That is not very complicated. Theta changes MEST.

Now, halfway between this we have 2.0, and at 2.0, of course the band of antagonism - the person is pretty antagonistic - but we just use this in Dianetics as an arbitrary split point. According to the findings - it's an arbitrary point more or less but it is borne out by empirical evidence.

Electricity as it runs through the wires lights a light. Similarly, life energy changes MEST. A little bit of Theta gets into the physical universe and somehow organizes it to turn the laws of the physical universe into a conquest of the physical universe. Theta keeps on doing this and it builds up a greater and greater control of MEST.

We can say that people above 2.0 tend more toward survival than toward nonsurvival. Their solutions and actions will tend more toward survival than nonsurvival. But people below 2.0 will tend more toward succumbing than toward survival and the lower they get on the Tone Scale, the more they will tend to succumbing, until you get around a 0.5 who's talking all the time about suicide, or talking about suicide so that you will get so unhappy that you will die; because of course these 0.5, for instance, would try to work 0.5 on all the dynamics including you.

The first goal is an organism; Theta makes an organism and then this organism eventually has mobility. Then through its mobility the organism itself begins to handle MEST and change it.

And you get a person at 3.0, about all this person can do for you is try to get you to survive! And you get a 0.5 and a 3.0 and the 3.0 is saying, "Oh, yeah, well, you want to go on living, of course you want to go on living. Life is beautiful, wonderful. Look, see?" 0.5 looks around and he doesn't see and he says to the 3.0, he says, "Well, how can you possibly go on living in this horrible, ugly, disgusting world. This is a horrible world, you know that." You've got a difference of viewpoint. Or is it a difference of viewpoint? One is trying to die and the other is trying to live.

You could say, even offhand, that Theta did not necessarily want to change MEST creatively; it might also change MEST destructively. Whether creatively or destructively, this energy of thought — which could be likened to God, God’s will, spirit, soul, anything you want to classify it with (except that we know a few more laws than were ever known before about this stuff) — works on the basis of “How can Theta change the most MEST?” When you work this problem out you will find that Theta can change the most MEST by making a creative organism which can then go on creating things which change MEST. And if we work it out this way, we will see that man has gotten up to a point where he changes MEST.

Now, people below 2.0 will, in spite of themselves, attempt to commit suicide. Maybe they'll only try to kill off their automobile by running into the curb regularly, but they will do some destruction toward this; they'll tend this automobile toward death.

Man has gotten to a point where he potentially could blow up planets. No other organism can go this high. And we potentially, actually, could build planets; we have gotten up to that point.

If you loaned your car to a 1.0 for a very long period of time, you would find out that this car did not run as well as when you loaned it. And if you loaned your car to a 3.0, you'd find out that the car would normally come back to you in better condition than when you lent it.

Now, Theta forms with MEST a union out of turbulence. Evidently, the first step in any Theta- MEST combination is a heavy impact of Theta against MEST with a resulting enturbulence. They don’t go together smoothly the first time. The Theta comes back out of this, or disenturbulates to some degree, and then, and only then, begins a harmonious conquest of this MEST which it has contacted. The Theta gets into the MEST, learns something about the laws of the MEST and, pulling back, is then able to change more MEST. Then there is another enturbulence and so forth, Theta learns some more and pulls back and then comes in and changes more MEST.

These derivational differences, then, are not quite as arbitrary as they seem. The Tone Scale derives from an observation of the emotion exhibited by a preclear while running a low - toned secondary or engram.

Whether this is in a single lifetime or in the sequences of lifetimes which go to make up a racial generation of many lifetimes — either way — it is the same cycle that is going on. Each time this is the same thing.

The preclear starts in, if it's a very low - toned - let's say it's an apathy engram - he starts in at apathy. He works up the band. And all the preclears do this. Sometimes they skip a manifestation or two on the band but they go through this same procedure until they get up to 4.0 according to this engram at which time it erases. That's that.

It has been said that hard knocks are the best teacher. This would simply be the process of an organism’s Theta going up against MEST with an impact, getting enturbulated and learning something. For instance, a fellow gets into a deal and gets swindled. He pulls back out of this deal and now he knows how to keep from getting swindled. But if he is completely hopeless, life uses natural selection on him and lets him get swindled until he is no more.

Some auditors don't realize this and they'll drop the engram when the preclear is only at 2.5, which is boredom.

Now, there is a very familiar cycle of Theta-MEST: The organism is conceived, goes through the cycle of growth, coasts off into a decay and dies. That is one single cycle of Theta tackling MEST in one single life span.

The preclear is bored with it and he says, "Do I have to go through with this again?"

Death is a necessary thing, unfortunately. This world would look awfully funny if all of the trees of the giant-fern era were still with us. The only way that Theta can go on and progressively change more and more MEST is to let the organisms evolve themselves. Those fern trees that grew back in the Devonian or Carboniferous area were useful up to a point, but then more modern tree forms could evolve. That much MEST had been conquered and so a more modern tree form could be evolved.

And the auditor says, "No." "Well, he's evidently - that doesn't worry him anymore, we'll go on to something else." And he hasn't pulled this up to 4.0 at all! He's got one - and - ahalf points to go before that engram is up to the top.

To make soil you have to have lichen and moss; these life forms make soil out of rock and sand. Unless they have been in there together working, you don’t have soil which can grow a better tree. Now, these ferns were growing in swamps and so forth, but they were making more soil. They were making, also, coal. All sorts of things were taking place there; life forms evolved into higher and higher organisms and eventually into great bodies of fish. The sea evolved about as far as it could go and then the land started to evolve. You could see this cycle working.

But the first time the preclear runs it, he's apathetic about it, let us say. The next time he runs it he's kind of covert about it; he'd kind of like to get mad about this but he doesn't dare or he may be afraid in that period. That's right, apathy, yeah. Then he's so sad, then he's probably covert in his - he'd love to say, "I think my mother ..." but he doesn't, and he says, "Well, she probably had her worries. She was very good to me." And then he gets to 1.5, which is anger, and he says, "So! At last I've got her!" And then he gets to antagonism, so he says, "Well, she was certainly ornery to me. Yeah, I'd sure like to give her a piece of my mind now." And then he goes up and so he's bored with it.

But there is another cycle at work right here in present time. What did you have to eat for supper? There wasn’t a single thing you had to eat, except perhaps the chemical condiments, which was not gained immediately from lower forms of life — in other words, more basic conversion units. You and I can’t go out and eat rock, and unlike Nebuchadnezzar, grass stains my teeth.

Well, if the auditor dropped it at that, he'd be in bad shape, so you run it again and you find out that - well, he doesn't care much about it. As a matter of fact, he'd like to think about something else. He's kind of happy about other things and he's glad he's getting rid of this thing. And right there it may do a bounce; it may come up to a false four and then sink again. You know, all of a sudden there's a little relief and he goes "ha!" and he laughs about it for a moment and then it comes down and you've got to pull it back on up again.

So there is a necessity for lower forms, which live on lower forms, which in turn live on lower forms. In other words, in present time we have an evolution cycle right with us. The lesser animals are performing certain functions and there is a balance of nature and so on. This is a sort of a staff of life.

It'll finally stabilize here at 4.0 and he's perfectly happy about the whole thing at 4.0. He not only does not care about it but he is not bored with it. It is no longer any factor with him and he is happy with life. That is 4.0.

Man at this moment happens to be clear out to the end of this staff of life, and we have gotten so far beyond the line that seldom does anything eat us anymore. Man has pretty well proofed himself outside of this cycle but it is always waiting for him; he can still be an edible. Man will probably keep on evolving further. But how did all this life evolve in the first place? Theta made a better organism which could change more MEST. In order to do this, the Theta and MEST had to come together solidly and then separate — disenturbulate, in other words — and then go in for an orderly conquest, then get enturbulated again, and then disenturbulate and go back for an orderly conquest.

So observing this reaction on the part of preclears, it was possible many years ago to postulate the existence of some sort of an emotional band and study this. And by studying it, a great deal of material has turned up.

For instance, the Theta during a lifetime learns certain things and then dies — except the Theta itself evidently doesn’t die. It evidently comes back for another attack with another organism.

It is now possible to take affinity, communication and reality and treat them at the top as relatively pure manifestations and then see that they become more and more dissonant until they finally get so far apart, the three of them, that they null each other. That would be death.

An organism is nothing but Theta plus MEST: organism equals Theta plus MEST. That is a life form — Theta plus MEST — but the Theta is dynamically trying to change that MEST.

Now, the best way to visualize this would be a pure piano note and then a piano note with another one struck which is slightly off. That would be 2.5. It's not bad enough yet to do anything about but you don't care for it.

Now, as long as an organism is progressing it is following the line and rules and orders of Theta, and when it stops progressing it is because it has been overtaken by MEST. This is another way of stating the fact that after a person has gotten 8,622 engrams he is pretty well done for, or that when he has gotten all of his free life force completely enturbulated he is pretty well done for, such as when he has been hit so solidly by some form of MEST as to separate the Theta and MEST in him. When these factors enter in we have death.

And then you strike one that's a little bit further off and you get - well, you don't like this, this is a little bit - it's something that antagonized you a little bit. Then you get one that's harshly counteractive - that's anger. And then one that's a little bit too far off and the person isn't angry and it just vibrates badly, but these affinity, communication, reality lines are having a hard time hanging together at that point.

It is interesting that this material slightly violates the biological concepts of the last 150 years. Those are radical. They were brought in as radical and they are still regarded as radical. We are working with factors that man seems to have recognized for the last five thousand years. We in Dianetics at the present moment, with the Theta-MEST theory, are on the most conservative line of thought that we could possibly be on. Of course, we have evaluated this line, and that is the main improvement on the thing.

A little bit lower than that, it's obvious that they're not going to hang together and that is loss or grief. And then they aren't hanging together and that's apathy. And then they don't hang together at all, they null each other, and that's death.

It was a wild thought that man came from mud; that was a wild one. But that man came from God or a universe of life which impinged upon this universe is an old thought. Man has been playing with this thought for five thousand years that I know of, and if we can make it work well for the first time, we will be doing very well. Because at this time, with processing, we don’t need death! The death cycle is not necessary if a person’s Theta can be disenturbulated from all the MEST in which it has become enturbulated, and if we can artificially pull it back out and keep the organism going, the usefulness of the mechanism of death to us as individuals has in some measure ceased. But it has not wholly ceased. We will, of course, follow along an evolutionary line even further. Probably man’s body will evolve a great deal further. Certainly the generations will go along.

And you can figure this out, by the way; it figures out very neatly. You can then - you could have rederived the Tone Scale from affinity, communication and reality and have Postulated that a prelcear would go through these various manifestations as he ran an engram. That is the backbone and the origin of the Tone Scale.

We say very little in Dianetics about geriatrics; that is a very fancy name for the study of old age and what causes it. We almost leave this alone, and that is very peculiar because I was a member of the United States Public Health Service Gerontological Society and they are supposed to be experts on this. But I have left it alone because it is hard to prove anything in geriatrics. You have to have had somebody live another hundred years before you can prove much.

Now, the Tone Scale had so much more data in it that it had to be expanded, and expanded into human evaluation until, by placing a person at some position on the Tone Scale - if you find out where he is on the Tone Scale, you can tell how much responsibility he's going to manifest, how much persistence he's going to manifest. You can tell how he's going to treat children; you can tell how he's going to talk to you, how he's going to listen to you. You can tell what he'll do with a message that you give him to give somebody else. You can also tell just rather automatically the physiological condition this person is going to be in.

But if you take an individual and process this individual very long, you begin to watch, actually, rejuvenation — I don’t think there is much denying this — or you watch aging toward some optimum point of life. What that optimum point of life would be, I don’t know — perhaps twenty-one or twenty-two. You process somebody who has been hung up on the time tracks at five or ten and who still bears some physiological resemblance to the five- or ten-year-old, or a person who is stuck in birth and bears that rotund shape of somebody who is stuck in birth, and you are bringing him on up somewhere in the vicinity of his optimum age, unless he has passed the point of no return. Physiologically the body can go to such a point that no matter how much processing you do, the person is unable to recover. That point is pretty advanced. A doctor would give this person up, usually, and say that nothing could be done for him.

If somebody came up to you and said, "This is a 1.1 that I am talking about," the auditor could do a forecast in his mind of the kind of person he was going to meet. He'd figure out what this person would do under any given circumstances. If this person was actively a 1.1 on the Tone Scale, the auditor would know immediately what he was going to meet in the way of personality, and would he be able to predict more or less the reactions of this human being all the way along the line.

Sometimes you can take a person who is thirty and looks forty-five, and when you have processed this person thoroughly and well — in the absence of bad physical deformation — you will have somebody who looks thirty or twenty-eight or twenty-five or something in that range.

Now, that would be a handy thing to have around, wouldn't it?

I have in mind one girl I saw in Kansas City when I was up there lecturing. Her husband had just died. The first time I saw this lady she looked like an old woman. Of course, she was wearing black and that didn’t help much, but when you looked at her face you saw a woman who looked well along. I asked an auditor to do something for her because I knew that she must have a heavy grief charge lying right there ready to be blown. So he audited her for nine hours.

There's one of the things in it: The ethic level of the human being is established on it very clearly. Get somebody at 1.1 that tells you, "You know, I'm all in favor of having a board of standards. We've got to have standards because this has got to be an ethical operation. I am very ethical! I won't stand for anything unethical!" He may talk like that (and a lot of 1.1s do) but if you look up some of his manifestations and you see that these manifestations pin him at 1.1, watch out! I don't care how often this person says that he is ethical; this person will cut your throat.

I saw her one day after he had audited her. Her clothes had changed, which of course helped the illusion a little bit; she was wearing a red dress. But she was a young woman! She looked like a woman of about twenty-six.

On the other hand, you have a fellow who is 3.5 on the Tone Scale and somebody comes up to you and says, "You know, this fellow murdered a man and robbed his dear old mother back in Keokuk, and we have positive and absolute evidence that he did this." Skip it. He didn't. He just didn't do it, that's all!

This type of thing can happen very easily with processing. We very definitely impinge into the field of geriatrics, but we don’t dare say very much about rejuvenation and old age; these are very unpopular subjects. Nevertheless, the auditor can watch people get younger or grow up as he processes them, and as a matter of fact, very few auditors have practiced very long without having this experience.

An auditor watching this and studying his preclears over very much of a period of time would be able to forecast, then, what a human being would have done in given circumstances. This is a chart of evaluation and in processing it is possible, then, for you to pick up the kind of processing this person needs and the kind of processing which will work on this person by looking him up on the Tone Scale.

I am not trying to sell Dianetics like you would sell these little pink pills that you are supposed to write for. That is just a by-product. We are not trying to make everybody live forever. This is just an illustration of the Theta-MEST theory.

You can evaluate him and find out where he lies on the Tone Scale. And once you have evaluated him, it will tell you the ratio of theta to entheta on his case. And on the charts, you don't even have to know that it tells you the ratio. You look over here in the processing column and it says, "Lock - scan, don't run any engrams." Or it says, "Can run secondaries if you are careful." You don't run any engrams, probably, you might not do any Lock Scanning on this case. In other words, it tells you the type of processing you ought to use on this case. That would be handy to have, wouldn't it?

In one generation, then, we have an opportunity of undoing the mistakes of the organism during that generation, recovering into a free state the Theta which is entangled with the MEST through bruises, wounds, collisions and so forth.

Once you evaluate him, then you can't make a mistake because we know that at various positions on the Tone Scale these types of processing can be done. For instance, you can chain scan a 3.5. You can chain scan engrams at 3.5. You can run a person through physical pain and it'll erase just about as fast as you hit it - 3.5 though! This person is a Dianetic Release already. Most all of the entheta is gone out of the bank already.

The primary break of affinity, of reality and of communication is between Theta and MEST. The little boy who goes out to play and knocks his shins against a rock is a classic example: he has broken affinity with that rock. If he hits his shin against enough rocks he will get to a point where MEST starts to look unreal to him. This has nothing to do with the word content of engrams. He will not want to have so much to do with MEST; he won’t want to own so much of MEST. In other words, he has withdrawn a little bit his reach into MEST, and if he is hurt sufficiently he will pull his command all the way from MEST. And what do you get when you get that level? That is propitiation. That is 1.1 on the tone scale. In order to go on living this person feels they have to give up MEST, so they start handing you things. They start saying to people that they will give them things. They start bribing. They start giving away their MEST; it has gotten dangerous! They have had too many breaks with MEST — engrams.

You started to chain scan somebody at 1.5 through engrams - (whistle) boom!

This is basic theory. We know, when we have experimented a little bit with Dianetics, that we can take a person down the time track and run them into a physical-pain moment and they will re-experience the pain, and that if we can go through it enough times and do a good enough job of it, that pain will reduce or erase. That is an observed manifestation, but what is the theory behind this?

Now, furthermore, you start to run an engram on a person who is a 2.5. That's fine. You can run this engram on this 2.5. You can get away with it just very nicely. But supposing you didn't run this engram out and there was an action phrase in it that caused the track to group. The track might possibly, just barely, group at that point temporarily until it's keyed out by Straightwire.

This organism has collided with MEST; that is a primary break of affinity, communication and reality between that MEST and the Theta. The Theta and MEST of the organism, then, are enturbulated within one another and they have changed their character slightly in the vicinity of that enturbulence. They have been jammed together so hard that their polarity has shifted — you might say the wavelength of the Theta and the wavelength of the MEST have shifted — so that the two of them (although they are still very tightly enwrapped) are now enturbulated Theta and enturbulated MEST. We call that, for short, entheta and enMEST.

But if you ran somebody at 0.8 through an engram and you hit one of these action phrases, boy, that engram command phrase is law,. And if it says, "Everything comes in here at once," there goes the time track, crunch! You've got a ,grouped track. Furthermore, this person hasn't got enough theta to invest into this thing to undo it, so you've just made the case tougher.

Now, I am asking you to acquire a vocabulary, here, of Theta, which is the energy of thought, from wherever it comes and whatever it is; MEST — matter, energy, space and time; and enturbulated Theta and enturbulated MEST, which we call entheta and enMEST for short. That is very simple.

Now, this tells you, then, what you can do with a case and what you can't do with it. And you'll find out that the heavy, slug processing ... You'll find out as you process cases that you can get one that's well up the line and you can start this kind of processing and you can actually bring him back down the line again.

That engram, then, is a potential point of turbulence because entheta starts to behave in a peculiar way: it starts to enturbulate Theta in its vicinity. In reverse, Theta will disenturbulate entheta. They are the same thing but with opposite polarities, so they kick against each other.

Now, I'm going to draw you a picture of the four types of case - really only four types of cases. This is derivational as far as the Tone Scale is concerned. I'm going to show you the basic theory of processing. You can read it off of this Tone Scale and it'll tell you what you can do and what you can't do. You can evaluate human beings very precisely and you can find this. And you will have to do this, really, in order to produce what you want and produce people who are good releases and so forth rapidly.

If a person has a great deal of pain, then that person will pass the pain along to other Theta. For instance, look at two people who are together, and one is very unhappy and the other one is very happy. The person who is very unhappy could be said to have a preponderance of entheta, or enturbulated Theta; he has been hurt a great deal in his lifetime. And the person who is happy has not been hurt a great deal, and he is not enturbulated. The first thing you know, the happy person is not quite so happy; he has become enturbulated a little bit by this person who is unhappy. But in reverse, you will find that the person who is unhappy has become a little happier through associating with the person who is happy. That is Theta operating to disenturbulate entheta.

But there are four types of cases: The first case probably would be - here is a time track, a straight vertical line - and now I'm going to show you the entheta around this track. In other words, this thing looks like a plume. Here's birth conception down here at the bottom, here's present time up here. This is all entheta. That's type of case number one. This case is very heavily occluded or this case - and boy, get this one - may be wide open. This case might have sonic and visio and everything else but this track is just shrouded in entheta. If the person has got sonic and visio and has the track completely covered and just his whole life span just bogged down in entheta, why, he's obviously psychotic. This is the worst kind of psychotic you can get. This person doesn't have any shut - offs by which he can protect himself or protect his existing theta. Well, you've got to fish this person up by inches.

So, the entheta tries to make everything entheta; that is its operation. And the Theta tries to make everything Theta; that is its operation.

Or this could be the occluded case which is actually performing well up the Tone Scale but has got this section of the analyzer blocked off and is using that section of the analyzer. This person would have to have pretty heavy endowment in order to function and be a 2.5 or a 3.0 as far as conduct is concerned, but his case wouldn't be. The second you start into that case, you see that it's this heavily shrouded, why, you've got a job on your hands of pulling this case to pieces and doing something with it.

What are you trying to do as auditors? All you are trying to do is take all available Theta in the case and turn as much entheta as you can back to Theta again. That is all.

You understand that a person can function, very often even low - toned cases with a heavy endowment - can function way up the Tone Scale. These people are in danger, by the way, because when something hits them there is too much there to trap, the enturbulation resulting in their existing theta endowment.

Naturally, if you start throwing entheta at this case you will increase the entheta on the case. If you enturbulate this case more, what little Theta the preclear has may become converted into entheta and then you will have somebody in a psychotic break.

All right, here's case two. Here's the time track. That's just circles showing clouds and areas of entheta and you notice that there's blanks in between. This is just representative of less enturbulence on this case. Here is the time track and it's not completely covered. These entheta areas are then broken up into chunks - you see that - instead of one whole mass of entheta.

Here is a very good example of the operation of Theta: There was a fellow who was operating in Asia Minor a number of years ago, up around Galilee, and about all he had to do was tell somebody to take up his bed and walk and this person would come out of almost any illness he was in. It was certainly no myth that that happened.

Now we get the next one. And here we have thesehere's the time track again, and here are these cigar - shaped blobs here. That case is - you see the entheta there is centralized and not terribly effective. The incidents are all lying there separately; they aren't great masses of entheta on, but these things are still kind of hard to hit.

We are not trying to explain Christ “scientifically”; we don’t want to get off on that byroad of “scientific” explanations and observations and so forth. All we know is what we compare with the real universe, and if that is scientific, that is fine — but if it works, that is better.

Now we come to the last case on it - your vertical line for a time track, with conception at the bottom, present time at the top and straight lines crossing this, demonstrating the engrams and secondaries.

There is a little chapel down in South America that has a mountain of crutches outside of it. People walk into this place on their crutches, usually helped along in some way, and kneel down before the altar, and then they walk outside again and throw their crutches up on the pile and walk off! There is a mountain of crutches there.

Now, this would be the four types of case. But don't you see, this is all progressively the same case. A case can start in anywhere, on any one of these things. A person can be here as case number two with just great blobs of entheta more or less separate, or a person could have these areas of entheta on the track or the person could have each incident lying separate, distinct in itself, with all these perceptics - twentysix perceptics - on every engram.

This is very interesting. You could say that here was an area of such concentrated Theta that any entheta — such as a psychosomatic illness or an aberration — which came in its vicinity became disenturbulated. I imagine those people who are using crutches because of some psychosomatic disorder heal up rather quickly, but those people who are using crutches because they have had their right leg sawed off don’t throw away their crutches.

Now, this could be your four types of case.

Here you have a case, then, of a tremendous amount of Theta automatically disenturbulating a little entheta.

Mind you, your individual can be a wide - open case - a wide - open case - and can still be number one. Everything this person runs into on the track is kind of sad. His whole case is enturbulated. This is the dangerous one. Or this person can merely be very heavily occluded. And this person can be heavily occluded and still have functioning free theta and the case still very much snarled up. You understand how that could be? He's compartmented off his theta so it doesn't enturbulate like the entheta on the case. He's sort of split up his brain or his personality and he's laid away a compartment of it, and "I can think with this," he says. And as far as the rest of it's concerned, "We've put it behind circuits and walls."

Now, theoretically, you could actually form a group of people who would be sufficiently Theta that a newcomer walking into their midst would disenturbulate just through association with these people.

This should tell you immediately not to tackle circuits. Don't worry about circuits anymore; they fall in and collapse by themselves.

Have you ever walked into a happy home and realized that it was a happy home before you ever talked to anyone? Or have you ever walked into a room and had the strange feeling that there had been a quarrel there just a moment before? Or worse, have you ever walked into a room and realized that the people there had been talking about you, and not particularly complimentarily, before you showed up? You don’t have to read the expression on their faces; you can actually sense an atmosphere. This Theta is not something intangible — we can feel it!

Now, what's the difference in these four cases? Well, the first one is terrific quantity of entheta compared to the existing theta and very heavily masked.

Have you ever looked at a girl (or you ladies, have you ever looked at a young man) and suddenly realized that you felt a great deal for this person? There is a sort of an interchange. I know I was very young one time and it was spring, and I swear that between a girl and myself there was enough Theta flowing that it was a wonder it didn’t crackle like sheet lightning! I never felt so healthy in my life, by the way.

The second type of case is more entheta than there is theta but the entheta is still lying in patches.

These are simple, homely examples of this basic theory at work. You have sensed it and you know about it.

And the third type there is - it's getting up around a solid ratio of about 50/50 but the entheta areas still have a lot of locks in them.

The component parts of Theta may be many, but we know three of them and these are affinity, communication and reality. If you take affinity, communication and reality and put them all together, you get every manifestation of thought that you can think of.

And then you have the last type of case where you have the precise incident.

As a matter of fact, you can even derive all the mathematics there are from these three things — and that is not a wild statement. I sat down one day and tried to figure out how tensor calculus was evolved and how topology was evolved and how symbolic logic was evolved, each time using only ARC — affinity, communication, reality — and I found out that to have a mathematics you have to have each one of these. If you have all three of these you have an understanding or an evaluation or a computation, but if you drop one of them out you do not have a mathematics. You drop one of them out and you don’t have a life either!

Now, you must realize what happens and what an engram looks like as it is carried along through life. You should realize what an engram looks like. At first it's just a straight line, over here on case four. At first it's just a straight line. And then one day the thing gets keyed in and goes into restimulation and gets a little bit of a lock. And then the fellow gets a secondary on it and we get this blob here in three. Now, that engram has gotten sort of fatter. It's harder to reach. Some of the perceptics are cut off in it. You understand? Although the secondary apparently lies much later in life, it's actually lying right on top of that engram. It's charging it up. That's a charge - up.

These three things are interdependent and one could say that they are the component characteristics of Theta. The second that we began to consider it this way, processing and an understanding of processing began to advance at a much more rapid pace.

And you get a few more secondaries and a few more locks and that engram starts to be a great big entheta area and it's pulling all kinds of experiences into the thing. And it's gotten so fat by this time that an auditor couldn't possibly contact it as an individual incident. In other words, the entheta is so heavy as to repel theta. The physical pain permitted it to start trapping entheta and every time the fellow got enturbulated a bit, why, this engram would grab some more entheta, and it gets more and more entheta. And finally you get to a point where the combination of the auditor and the preclear in trying to tackle this thing - they just bounce off of it. That is to say, they can't come near it. The fellow doesn't get a somatic on it. He has no sonic on it, there's no reality, there's nothing, because affinity, reality and communication below the 2.0 band are down here in this engram band, are completely reversed to unreality, no communication and no affinity or hatred or dislike or hostility, you see? So he bounces off of this very mechanically, without ever a bouncer being there. He can't get near this engram. It's more heavily charged, more heavily charged, more heavily charged and you finally get it, and when he's really had it laid into him with secondaries and locks and everything, you get your first type of case here - very heavy, just practically just a plume of entheta. All these incidents are jammed up.

It had to be considered this way because a study of Group Dianetics — a study of the third dynamic — revealed to me not too awfully long ago that something had not been codified. I had been going along in the complete belief that the third dynamic was nailed down and all taken care of. Then one day I stood up on a platform in California to give a talk on Political Dianetics and I opened my mouth and I said, “Well, now . . .” and for the first time I realized that Political Dianetics had not been codified well enough to communicate. And if it had not been codified well enough to communicate, then I could count upon the fact that it was not codified well enough. And I tried to talk for two and a half hours on Political Dianetics!

Now, this could be called also - although this wouldn't be exactly true - that this could be called "the four ages of the aberree." Number four over there with those precise lines is a little kid. Life is still pretty happy. And number three with the cigar - shaped blobs there, that's just not quite so happy - that's teenage. That's about the time they become political revolutionaries and subscribe to, oh, Frank Sinatra and so forth. And here your blobs, so on, this could be called "after she was married" or "when he lost his first job." Over here, this is your successful, well - adjusted, completely occluded, to - hell with - life - it's - no - fun - anyhow guy.

I went home and tried to figure out some way to codify it and communicate it and I found out that not only did I not have it codified or communicated, but in addition to that I didn’t know what it was! This was a great surprise and shock to me.

All right, understand here I've painted up very extreme varieties because I want to show you that the difference between this one, number one, and number four is primarily a difference of getting off locks and secondaries, not a difference of erasing engrams - converting the entheta to theta.

I went back through the original work, the original notes, to find out why, and I found out that concentration upon the first dynamic in order to produce processing had thrown aside some of the codification’s of the third dynamic. And I found some notes (they are in the first book, by the way) to the effect that the group is actually an organism independent of its individuals. It itself is an organism.

About all you can do with this first type of case here is take the existing theta and try by Straightwire, just memory, on any subject you can think of - any subject - just keep refreshing his mind and taking what existing theta there is and start to open it up, just by memory. And when you've opened this case up a little bit, it'll disenturbulate considerably. The person can have affinity, communication and reality in his past. He can feel that there is some reality about these experiences. His perceptics will pick up a bit. There are various ways of doing this, but what you're trying to do is hold up a reality level.

If you think it over for a moment you will realize that a group is an organism. You don’t really know this till you try to kill a group. For instance, you could take individuals out of it. Of course, if you killed all the individuals with regard to it, the group would probably still exist in somebody’s memory or it would probably exist on paper someplace or something; there would still be something there! The body of the group is not contained in its individuals; it is contained as the group. And until you have tried to kill off a group as a group, you don’t particularly appreciate this.

You go into this case here and at a certain level of reality you keep on picking up deposits of theta along the line and the fellow will start to disenturbulate a bit, and finally his track should start breaking up from the heavy coverage mass - it should start breaking up to these lighter, smaller masses like number two.

For instance, we have been very involved in trying to shut down the California and Elizabeth and Chicago organizations, and they won’t die! People have been detached from these things, there is nothing coming into them and their goals are all knocked aside, but there is a body of Theta in existence there which refuses to perish. The only way we are going to handle these groups is by giving them licenses, and they will go on very happily.

Then by number two you're using, by this time, affinity, reality, communication enforcements and breaks, inhibitions ARC breaks and inhibitions, enforcements and inhibitions - and you get the locks out of that, and maybe even a secondary out of that, until you've got case number three over there.

A group is an organism. But what is the organism of the group? I tried to figure it out in terms of individuals and it just did not work. All of a sudden, looking it over, I realized that there is a thought energy. That is also in the first book; it says “Emotion is a Theta quantity.” But the thinking had not gone to the point where it could be codified.

And now you try to run off secondaries and more ARC and some lock scan and get rid of locks any way you can possibly do to streamline this case down to a point where those engrams are lying there in their pristine purity!

So I had to go clear back to when I was studying atomic and molecular phenomena in 1930 and begin to wonder again about thought as an energy and life as an energy. I recodified everything through and got it together, and I then had Theta as an energy which had, as three of its components, affinity, communication and reality. And all of a sudden we had Group Dianetics.

And at this time you say, "Go back to basic - basic. You will now begin to scan through all engrams forward to present time. Begin scanning." Snap! And he gets to present time. You do that a few times and you haven't got any engrams left.

I started to test out Group Dianetics in California and it got out of my hands so fast! It was over the hills and far away and it was running itself and there was no stopping it. I tried to say “Wait a minute! The way you form a group is. . . “ but it had formed. I started to say “A true group is really formed as . . .” — it had formed. The group had congealed; it was an organism.

Now, out of number two, you'll occasionally find yourself running an engram without wanting to. Certainly you will out of number three - you'll occasionally find yourself running an engram. And certainly out of one, two and three you're going to get all manner of enMEST manifestations. But if you pay any attention to enMEST manifestations beyond letting them take place, you're making a serious mistake!

All of this was just waiting to happen, and the first moment that it was explained to these people what they were trying to do — just the first few rules — they became so solidly cohesive as a group that in spite of all kinds of punishment — firings, everything — trying to disperse the California organization, it is still sort of holding together. This is in spite of the fact that they don’t even have the names Hubbard and Dianetics anymore; they don’t have the right to use the processes or anything, and that group is still trying to hold together. It is fantastic.

What I mean by enMEST - gas, solids, energy and such as this: your preclear cries; that's enMEST, those tears are enMEST coming off the case. When the enMEST comes off, the entheta can convert back to theta again.

A group is so live and it is so imbued with survival that if one considers a political organization merely a collection of individuals he will fail completely to understand it, and he certainly would not be able to do much management of it.

There's the dope - off. All of a sudden without any volition on your part or any desire on your part as an auditor, your preclear suddenly goes out like a light. You've asked him to remember this and remember that and the first thing you know he dopes off. You just let him go into that dope - off and when he comes out of it a little bit you ask him to remember something else and the first thing you know, he'll go back into the dope - off again. Then you ask him to remember something else and he'll go back into the dope - off again.

A business organization is actually a group, and that is Theta. The Theta as an energy exists still in a fluid state, but the culture of a group begins to build up with Theta as matter. Theta as an energy could form into ideas and patterns and technologies, and this would be a culture; this would be the body of the group. It is wonderful when you start watching Theta and MEST work out on the third dynamic.

Now, you can do this: You can ask him for a phrase which will bring on these dope - offs but you're liable to get him pinned up on the track if you do, if you're working a very rough case over here. So what do you do? You validate his analyzer and him. Don't validate his engrams. In other words, there is the theory of: "What you pay attention to makes that thing important."

The only reason I’m talking about the third dynamic is the fact that the Theta-MEST theory is so demonstrably accurate in the third dynamic. You have to fish a little bit before you quite see how it applies in the first dynamic, but once you get it and take a look at it in the individual and see how it functions in the individual you can process people much more easily.

You as human beings can create tomorrow's reality by what you think today or what you believe in today. If you believed, all of you, hard enough, that there was going to be a monument out here, a hundred feet square and two miles high, to the pioneers of aviation, and you all believed there was going to be this, and you wanted it to be there and so on, there'd be one there one day, there'd be one there. That's because you believe in it.

Having codified the third dynamic, an understanding of the first dynamic, then, became much plainer. What were we trying to do? Were we trying to erase engrams? No. We were converting entheta to Theta. And what did an engram do? An engram was an area of entheta and every time any Theta came in its vicinity, a little bit of that Theta got turned into and trapped as entheta. And a person’s available supply of Theta became smaller and smaller but his supply of entheta became larger and larger.

But supposing you believed that out there there was going to be nothing but a rotten, mucking hole in the ground, and you all believe this. Well, somebody builds a tenement over someplace else and they throw some dirt someplace else and then they want to have a city dump someplace and you all believed that this one square that we're talking about is going to be in horrible shape. And the next thing you know, it is a rotten hole in the ground. It's a mess.

The engram acted as a trap. If a person didn’t have any engrams he could be hit by a lot of entheta and enturbulated but he would just disenturbulate. There would be no trap to hold on to this entheta and keep it as entheta, as there is when an engram is present.

It depends, then, on what you validate. If you start validating a demon circuit, it will start taking over the preclear. If you start validating the reactive mind exclusively, the analyzer will cut down its thinking capacity just that much - if you only pay attention to the reactive mind.

So it takes an engram to form a secondary. A tremendous amount of grief or a tremendous amount of fear or even apathy could be experienced by an individual, but unless there is a physical pain engram, a solid entrapment below this to hold it in place, it would simply go off. It requires an engram to hold it down.

People who go around saying, "Oh, you're talking out of an engram," they are validating the reactive mind and invalidating the analyzer. Supposing people went around saying, "Well, you couldn't be possibly talking out of an engram; that must be an analytical computation," or "You know, you're so prone to analytical computations; I'm happy to see that you never talk out of engrams," first thing you know, he doesn't.

Given enough engrams, the individual can accumulate locks and secondaries. The bulk of the entheta on the case is not trapped in engrams, it is trapped in secondaries — moments when the individual has been terrifically enturbulated and has been, in present time, very heavily entheta, temporarily. The engram has come up into restimulation, and it has just picked off a lot of this entheta and sealed it up. That is a secondary and these are the largest deposits of entheta on a case.

This experiment has been carried out. You know, of course, that it's not necessary to pay any attention to action phrases. Unfortunately, this does not work in the least below about 2.0. But you can get a person up there on the borderline at about 3.0 and you can actually talk him into ignoring action phrases so that if you talked to him and said that he had - did he have a holder, did he have a bouncer, did he have this, did he have that, he would actually be held and bounced. But if you talked to him on the line of "Well, there's a holder there but of course it couldn't affect you," it wouldn't have any effect on him. In other words, way up the line up here at 3.0, the action phrase can be argued into existence or out of existence. In other words, validated by the auditor or invalidated by the auditor, you understand?

But day by day, as a person runs into the unhappiness and upsets in his vicinity, he accumulates locks. The engrams become restimulated as the person runs into a little bit of entheta, and a little bit of his endowment of Theta, turned into entheta, will be trapped as a lock. So, during a lifetime an individual gets more and more entheta and less and less Theta.

But it's not what the auditor cancels out in the preclear, it's what the auditor believes in in the preclear. And get this: It is the thing to which the auditor gives his affinity, his reality and bill, communication that becomes live and working in the preclear. You understand that? Because this is something on the order of waving a magic wand at somebody and having sparks come out of the end.

There are some very heavily endowed individuals who have the happy faculty of being able to compartment off their entheta. You get one of these heavily occluded cases, for instance — no sonic, no visio, no tactile, no present time, nothing — and this fellow is still functioning. Through some ability, structurally or otherwise, he has been able to compartment off his entheta. He has erected walls — valence walls, circuit walls, whatever you want to call them — and he has left a portion of the analyzer, his thinking apparatus, sufficiently clear that what free Theta he has can function there.

You talk to this person and this person says, "I know that's just a demon circuit answer. It couldn't possibly be my file clerk."

Now, if you as an auditor came along all of a sudden and tried to tear down those walls, all it would succeed in doing would be to enturbulate him — enturbulate the existing Theta on the case — and this person probably would practically spin. He wouldn’t let you do it; he would resist its happening. But if you started to pick up a little bit of entheta here and turn it into Theta — a little lock here and a little secondary there and a little something there — the first thing you know, you would have enough Theta for it to automatically knock down one of these valence walls.

Why, supposing you said, "Oh yeah, probably is." Let's see, "Well, let me talk to the demon circuit then." Well, you couldn't any more certainly mask off the file clerk. But supposing you said, "Oh, I think the file clerk could get through that all right, let's just give it a try," you would be surprised how many times that file clerk will come through. It's what you validate!

So this is the angle of processing now. The idea is to get as much Theta as you possibly can in the preclear It is too bad we can’t put it in with a funnel, because I think actually one of these fine days we may be able to conduit or measure Theta. We may know the source. And that is not one of these ideas of “anything is possible.” It is too easy to observe.

If you believe in this human being as a sane human being, he will act sane, not because you coax him to but because you are just validating this. This is his reality, then - the sanity. You're telling him this is reality - his sanity.

Here is your individual, then, and he has 10 percent Theta and 90 percent entheta. In other words, he has so many engrams which have trapped so many secondaries which have so many locks on top of them that, regardless of his sonic and visio (he might be able to get all the way back with sonic and visio, because entheta alone doesn’t shut off sonic and visio), he has gone all the way down the tone scale.

All right. But supposing you treat him all the time as a neurotic or an aberrated human being. Immediately this person will become more neurotic. I mean, it just works out that way. Even people who are fairly well balanced, if they are around people who are entirely concentrated on nullification, people who are afraid or timid, people who count on their own superiority by making other people less superior, who count on that mechanism to get along in life, are very dangerous because what do they keep validating? They keep validating the shortcomings and the weaknesses of those around them, you see? And by validating those weaknesses and shortcomings they actually bring them into being and make the person weak and make him exhibit more and more shortcomings and so make the person less and less strong and win.

If we were to give this fellow some terrifically bad news we would get him all enturbulated, and the 10 percent remaining Theta would be hit by the 90 percent entheta and he would spin in. We could do that to him. Or the same thing could happen if we were to give him some terribly authoritarian “auditing”: “You know this is your Theta! You know this is because you were beaten when you were two years of age! You know this is because you love your mother — now you’ve got to admit this — isn’t it? And it’s all delusion, isn’t it?” The poor fellow would probably go home and blow his brains out.

Of course the 1.5, he goes at it a little more directly; he just says, "You're no good!"

But suppose we said, “Let me see, 10 percent Theta and 90 percent entheta — we certainly had better not drive very hard because we have only got 10 percent in this case to work with. We are reinforcing the case a bit so the case can do something, but we had better handle it very lightly. Let’s see if we can get 11 percent Theta.” The first thing you know, we make this fellow perceive something in present time and perceive it accurately, and maybe we have our 1 percent gain. Then we knock out this “terribly heavy” lock of somebody dropping a piece of paper, and we have 11.0001 percent Theta. And we creep up on it this way and get just a little more of this and a little more of that off the case, and we convert the lightest and tiniest deposits of entheta that we can convert on this case to Theta.

All right, you see now, then, if you follow a general rule of never taking something that isn't real to the preclear or never demanding that he believe something that he doesn't feel like believing, if you just follow the general rule of entering the case always only on a certain level of reality - the last limit of reality the preclear will buy - you will keep pressing this case forward on and on and on into the entheta with theta.

Fortunately, it seems to go by a power — just as a person spins in by a power. For instance, the person may be half Theta and half entheta and he gets a terrible piece of bad news and goes crazy. In other words, he spins in, or goes into a complete apathy, which is the same thing.

But if you go on forward into this case and keep taking things from the preclear which are unreal to him, why, you're advancing the entheta back into the theta. You've just reversed it, and that's bad auditing.

People can be crazy for ten minutes — ragingly angry or completely apathetic for only ten minutes — and then come back again. They were crazy for that ten minutes, according to definition. But if they went all entheta suddenly and if the entheta were held there — it triggered enough engrams to trap the existing Theta — that person would then stay insane until some auditor came along and started working it out on the basis of “How can I obtain 1 percent Theta on this case?” He does that merely by getting into communication with the fellow or mimicking him or anything — getting him to contact present time, just that much. If he does that, he has gotten his 1 percent Theta and then he can start to work. And it sort of goes by a power: if he gets it up to 10 percent he will get it to 20 percent; if he gets it up to 20 percent he can go to 40 percent. And then he starts to work on it a little bit harder because by this time he is having to attack, probably, engrams themselves.

What you want to do is pick up high levels of theta if you possibly can and sweep out any god's quantity of entheta that you can reach. That is the forward way of doing it.

The engram is what traps things. The auditor goes into the engram and he gets the physical pain off; but he has invested a lot of Theta as a heavy lock on the line, and there are other engrams on this case that permit that Theta to be retained. So, what entheta he got off the case, he could be putting back in again as entheta. This is how you could go on erasing engrams in a case without moving the preclear on the tone scale. He would not come up the tone scale. You are just taking the Theta you have and using it to take the entheta out of the engram, but it costs you as much Theta to take that entheta out, and you could just seesaw back and forth without accomplishing a great deal. However, if you were doing that, you probably should not have been reducing engrams.

Furthermore, you validate - you validate the analyzer. If the guy starts to boil off, you don't snap your fingers at him and ask him for a phrase, necessarily. Of course, you can on a fairly high - toned preclear. But if you take one that's way down the Tone Scale and you start to ask him for a phrase every time he gives a manifestation, the first thing you know, this guy starts thinking in terms of "I wonder what phrase causes this?" instead of saying, "Well, of course, that might be a phrase but I can overcome that!"

That is what happens to a case when it is too static. The preclear is around 2.0 or 1.5 or something like that, and the auditor keeps insisting on erasing engrams. Maybe he can actually get erasure on engrams, but he is keeping this case enturbulated continually and the preclear is not coming up the tone scale! So we are not getting the heavy automatic reaction of disenturbulation of entheta by having Theta up near it.

It's what you validate that counts.

The thing to do would be to get this person all the way up to the top of the tone scale, if you possibly could, and then let this very high Theta volume, or Theta clarity, suddenly kick back against the entheta on the case and disenturbulate him.

Now, your belief in the preclear's ability to recover is very important. Your belief in his ability to think straight and to know what's happened to him is terribly important. And on a reevaluation of what I was doing in auditing and what clearly into view the fact that I never audited anybody in my life - I have to go back over and review things like this; it's not because I'm such a terrific auditor because I sometimes am a rather bad auditor - I get experimentally inclined; but try to find out what I was doing that produced rapid results and then find out why they produced rapid results and then find out how to communicate them and I found out that I invariably was trying to coax into being all of the high - level person I could get my hands on and forget and nullify more or less the bad section of the individual - in other words, ignoring the entheta as being important. Don't give it importance, but give the theta importance.

We are talking about mechanics, we are not talking about phrases. You are very well acquainted, undoubtedly, with what phrases can do in engrams. All we are talking about is basic theory now, and you see that the basic theory is relatively simple.

How would you raise a child using this same theory? Using this same theory you can derive the theta - MEST theory and so forth about all you need to know about raising kids.

For instance Indian children are very obedient, they're very cheerful. They're quite something to be around. An Indian tribe in the old days used to be in connivance on every child. They were all plotting against this child's insanity, because every time this child, voluntarily or otherwise, would pick up a stick of wood to put it on the fire, no matter who was there, they'd say, "Oh, what a good child."

Now, the child would go down to the brook and he was really intending to take this little bag of something down there and throw it away, and somebody would say to him, "Oh, you're going to get some water, what a good child." "You're helping your mother, what a good child." "You're being obedient. You're a good child." And when they were bad children, they ignored them. They just shut them off.

Now, it requires pretty steady nerves and a lot of outdoors to do this. The only reason I'm using it is just to demonstrate there what you validate in a child.

I've seen Indians work this, by the way - Blackfeet It's the most fascinating thing you ever saw in your life.

This kid will suddenly look so bewildered. He's caught off base. What he was actually intending to do was to blow up Bull Moose's tent! And somebody says, "Oh, you're taking that over to your father to give it to him. What a good child." "I guess I was."

So, another thing - and this is particularly important in the Foundation, which is inundated all the time just from preclears with entheta; there's lots of engrams around and so forth - if you keep validating people, you keep raising them up the Tone Scale! And if you start raising them up the Tone Scale, they've got higher and higher and higher deposits of theta - more and more theta - and all of a sudden they are liable to disenturbulate a large area that they ordinarily wouldn't. And you get this funny kind of Straightwire.

I don't know whether any of you've had this happen to preclears, but sometimes a preclear - you can get him way up the Tone Scale and then all of a sudden start directing his attention toward entheta areas in his life (ARC, something like that) and these things will start to go out Pink - Pink - pink. And they have described it to me like, well, like something going up in a little flash, almost an electrical impulse.

They suddenly remember this time when they were a little kid and they were kept in bed and beaten for three weeks and there's a lot of somatics on it and everything else, but you've got them so high up the Tone Scale to remember this thing Straightwire and the whole period goes out - whoosh! And you take them back through the thing and it hasn't any importance! It's gone!

You get the idea of maintaining a high Tone Scale level? If you can get the person up the Tone Scale then he's reaching higher and higher levels, there's more and more theta - you get that out of locks, occasionally out of a secondary - the first thing you know, the circuit automatically goes out. It's made up of a big computational portion of a person's mind and that was all entheta. And it's up against so much theta suddenly that it goes whoosh!

And of course, by the way, if he's way up the scale it'll blow out. But maybe just the circuit itself caves in. If the circuit itself caves in, he'll go clear back down the Tone Scale. And you're suddenly working a guy who's way down the Tone Scale; he's just been flooded with entheta. But he comes back up again.

Sometimes a preclear works in a cycle: raising him up the Tone Scale to the top of the Tone Scale, then he'll hit a big deposit of entheta, he'll get enturbulated and he'll go down to the bottom of the Tone Scale and you raise him back up the Tone Scale again, and each time his average tone comes up a little bit higher. That is to say, the theta he ht - is got is higher and he's manifesting higher on the chart all the time.

When you can really get a fellow where he's functioning fifteen hours a day at tone 3.5, boy, this guy is not much trouble to process. You start in working him and the entheta just starts going out pong like breaking electric light bulbs, boom, boom. It's wonderful to watch.

There is the approach to auditing. The best approach that I can possibly give you to auditing is: do not at any - time swamp our preclear with entheta and enturbulate what theta he's - got. Don't swamp him, don't snow him under, but lead him up the scale - anything to get him up the scale.

As a matter of fact, a motion - picture show is sometimes a better evening's processing than processing. Some people have had so little good present times that their whole life is pretty absent on the subject of theta. They have had such unpleasant present times because remember that time track is never anything but just a stack of present times. It's present time, present time, present time, present time, present time throughout a whole lifetime. They're consecutive moments of present time.

For instance, this instant with you is a present time and therefore it's perfectly valid processing to try to contact this instant. Why go through all the mechanisms of merely recalling it? Why live two minutes beyond it and then go back to it and recall it? Why not experience this minute? It's here! All your perceptics are here. How much are you recording of this moment?

You get a person who is pretty low on the Tone Scale and you just invite him and persuade him to contact this moment or some portion of this moment. Why, heavens on earth, if you're successful in doing that you can end a psychotic break, in some cases. It's quite remarkable. Or if you can just get a person to come to this moment.

One sanitarium, some of the psychiatrists wondered what was this Dianetics and somebody told them, and they told them, "Well, if you just went around the sanitarium ..." I'd done this, many years ago, went around the sanitarium and I'd just say to people, "Come up to present time," and occasionally one would - boon! that was all it took. You get the most remarkable results.

Well, the psychiatrist went around and told people to come up to present time and one girl whose face had been - horrible condition - acne, and who had been very uncommunicative for a long, long time and never talked to anybody, horrible shape, quite insane. Somebody walked up to her and said, "Come up to present time!" That night they were having a party, and she gave a speech to the party on how glad she was to be there. And she really did and she stayed in present time and her acne disappeared and she manifested sanity. That's quite remarkable, isn't it, for a mechanism to work that way?

And yet you could walk through any insane asylum of any size in the land and here and there you'd find somebody - unless he'd been electric shocked, trans - orbital leukotomy and psychiatricized in general - you just tell him to conic up to present time and he'd turn sane. And this fellow might have been there for years.

It's that important to process or recognize that a present time exists.

Now, all I've given you tonight actually is basic theory. Maybe I have snowed you under a little bit. I hope not. Because although there's an awful lot of particularities to know about the Tone Scale, about evaluation, about the tricks of practice and so forth, actually all there is to know about basic theory I have told you tonight. And if you could follow this through or, thinking it over, follow it through and understand this, you've got a grasp on the subject and a grasp of the subject on all its dynamics which will be far in excess of anything that's been known before in Dianetics. And you'll be able to produce better results and more results and faster results with this knowledge.

The main thing that you should remember is, as far as your preclear is concerned, that life is made to be lived and it's just as valuable sometimes for you to straighten out this percale's present time a little bit or send him out and make him have a good time for a while as it is for you to sit down and process him. Because it's present time that counts. It's life and living that counts.

You can undo yesterday's mistakes for an individual, you can undo the pain in his lifetime, you can bring about remarkable results. But if a preclear is very enturbulated in present time, if present time situations are too much for him and you start sending him back down his track, then his past comes up and hits him too and that makes him pretty unhappy.

So you see what you're trying to do? You're trying to get available in present time all of the theta which you possibly can get available. Add to it all you can with your own friendliness, with your own affinity and reality and communication with this preclear, and then knock out, not engrams, not secondaries, not this or that, but the whole thing - knock out entheta in whatever form you may find it, whether it's present time entheta by present time situations or whether it's actual entheta stored on the case in the time track, however you can disenturbulate it, that is good, valid processing and that is valid Dianetics.

Any method which increases the amount of entheta on the case or enturbulates present time for the preclear is not good processing.

Now, if you follow what I've told you tonight, if you understand that it's a process of bringing a person up a Tone Scale, bringing a person little by little up this Tone Scale to a higher and higher average tone throughout his day so that his behavior and his happiness and his manifestations are better and better and better - if you understand that this is your target, you will also be able to make your tone 4s and make people stable at tone 4 - not static, you understand, because they'll still get mad when life hits them - but to make it so they can come up to tone 4, so they can be happy, you'll be doing a good job.

One of the reasons why it has been hard, very difficult for people to bring a person up the Tone Scale was because the auditor might have been 1.5, and he's trying to bring the preclear to 4.0? Oh, no, he never will. He might bring his 1.1 preclear up to 1.5, maybe. But then, by golly, somebody has got to raise the other one to 1.6 and then they've both got to hit a parity on that and then they'd better get each other up to 2.0. And if one drops behind, then the one who is higher had better bring up the guy who is lower. And in such a way, by the use of tone jacks they could get themselves all the way up to the top of the scale.

Now, we have tone jacks for sale. They cost a dollar and a half or a smile. As a matter of fact, I just sold you one.

I want to thank you very much for listening to me and I'll be very happy to answer your questions on this when you've got it straightened out.

Good night.