NOW, HERE IS YOUR INDIVIDUAL, then, and he has 10 percent theta and 90 percent entheta. In other words, he has so many engrams which have trapped so many secondaries which have so many locks on top of them, that, regardless of his sonic and visio - he might be able to get all the way back with sonic and visio, because just entheta doesn't shut off sonic and visio, you understand - he's getting down the Tone Scale here and all of a sudden we do one of two things: We give this fellow some terrifically bad news, we get him all enturbulated, feed him a lot of bad news and the 10 percent remaining theta is hit by 90 percent entheta - if he fully enturbulated, and he'll spin in; we could do that to him. Or we could give him some terribly authoritarian auditing. We could say, "You know this is your theta! You know this is because you were beaten when you were two years of age! You know this is because you love your mother - now, you've got to admit this - isn't it? And it's all delusion, isn't it?" Fellow goes home and blows his brains out. That's what happens!

But supposing we said, "Well, now let me see, 10 percent theta and 90 percent entheta, boy, we certainly had better not drive very hard because we've only got 10 percent in this case to work with, we're reinforcing the case a bit so the case can do something. But, hmmm, we'd just better handle it very lightly. Let's see if we can't get 11 percent theta."

So we go in, see, so on. First thing you know, we make this fellow perceive something in present time and perceive it accurately and maybe we've got our 1 percent gain. And then we knock out this lock, this terribly heavy lock, of somebody dropping a piece of paper and we've got 11.0001 percent theta, see?

And we creep up on it this way and we get just a little more of this and a little more of that off of the case, and we convert the lightest and tiniest deposits of entheta that we can convert on this case to theta.

Fortunately, it seems to go by a power - just as a person spins in by a power. You know, I mean, the person may be 50/50, something like that, and he gets a terrible piece of bad news and goes crazy - in other words, spins in or goes into a complete apathy, which is the same thing.

You know, people can be crazy for ten minutes - ragingly angry or completely apathetic for only ten minutes - and then come back again. They were crazy for that ten minutes, according to definition, you know. But if they went all entheta suddenly and if the entheta were held there, it triggered enough engrams to trap the existing theta, that person would then stay insane until some auditor came along and started working it out on the basis of "Let's see, how can I obtain 1 percent theta on this case?" He does that merely by getting into communication with a fellow or mimicking him or anything - getting him just to contact present time, just that much. If he does that, he's got his 1 percent theta; then he can start to work. And it sort of goes by a power. If he gets it up to 10 percent, he'll get up to 20. If he gets it to 20, you go to 40 and then he starts to work on it a little bit harder, because by this time he's having to attack, probably, engrams themselves.

The engram is what traps things. All right, he goes into the engram, he gets the physical pain off but he's invested a lot of theta as a heavy lock on the line, and there are other engrams on this case that permit that theta to be retained. What entheta he got off the case, he could put back in again as entheta. Do you understand now how you could go on erasing engrams in a case without moving the preclear on the Tone Scale? He wouldn't come up the Tone Scale. You're just taking the theta you have and you're taking it - the entheta out of the engram, but it costs you this much theta to take that much entheta out and you could just seesaw back, forth, back and forth, back and forth, without accomplishing a great deal. But if you are doing that, you probably shouldn't be reducing engrams.

That's what happens to these cases when they're too static. They'll be around 2.0 or 1.5 or something like that and the auditor keeps insisting on erasing engrams. Maybe he can actually get erasure on engrams, but he's keeping this case enturbulated continually and this case is not coming up the Tone Scale! So, we're not getting the heavy automatic reaction of disenturbulation of entheta by having theta up near it.

The thing to do would be to get this person all the way up to the top of the Tone Scale if he possibly could and then let this very high theta volume, or theta clarity, suddenly kick back against the entheta on the case and disenturbulate him.

Now, here we're talking about mechanics, we're not talking about phrases. You are very well acquainted, undoubtedly, with what phrases can do in engrams. All we're doing is talking about a basic theory now. And you see that the basic theory is relatively simple.

In this new book a great deal of stress is laid on the Tone Scale. And here we have a Chart of Human Evaluation. A well - known psychometrist down on the coast called this an important milestone in the field of psychometry and that it compared in psychology to, I think it's Mendeleev's, whoever that old boy is. I know I used to sit in the chemistry classroom and go to sleep and watch his chart up on the wall - the periodic chart - in chemistry is a standard chart of reaction.

There's a possibility, just a possibility, that with this Chart of Human Evaluation we have somewhat the equivalent of that in the humanities now. Now, that would be important if that were true. I hope it continues to bear out. I, by the way, I've gotten in trouble twice with this chart, just twice. Each time I didn't believe it myself and I said, "Well, although this chart by derivation and past experience with preclears indicates that the person with whom I am dealing here would stab a kitten in the back, I don't believe the chart and I will treat this person as an honest human being."

Everything following through is because I did not evaluate the human beings involved according to my own chart! I taught myself a lesson! I'm never going to jump this chart again or throw it aside.

But you auditors are probably, each one of you, going to learn this lesson yourself. You will get this case and it's wide open, and this person says, "Why, I'm in beautiful shape. And my father and mother were always so sweet to me and everything is fine and I've been so constructive all my life and I have no domestic trouble at all."

And the auditor says, "Gee, this case has got sonic and visio and oh, man, can this case run on the time track and so on. Well, I'll have it cleared just here in no time and there's no reason to check it up on this chart."

So he'll send the preclear charging back down the line - basic - basic - thud! And the preclear will scream a couple of times, moan faintly and never get up to present time again until the auditor has treated this case the way he should have: as a psycho. This case is probably in a manic. Maybe that sonic and visio is 100 percent dub - in. Horrible.

Each one of you will probably do this at least once in using this chart before you're convinced.

When you take people at random, you shouldn't tell them where they lie on the chart, because people - aberrated people who come to you - they're pretty far down on this chart, pretty far down. I've marked normal at 2.5 on this chart. Boy, was I charitable. Normal is below that, I'm afraid, in this current society.

It might have been higher than that and the general tone of this society might have been higher before World War II, but a lot happened to us; very enturbulating during these past ten years. People are not very high on this chart.

You know the original chart - you know this chart well, undoubtedly. It starts at 0.0 and goes up to 4.0; that's the original chart. Zero is death, 4.0 is ostensibly a MEST Clear, clear of engrams. That's all that means, by the way, no engrams. Clear - that's all Clear means is no engrams. A 4.0 could be anybody, however.

At some time during your life any one of you have been 4.0. I call attention - I was doing this the other night - did you ever wake up when you were a little kid and the bright dew was on those leaves and the day was so bright and crystal clear and you had so many things to do and you were tremendously enthusiastic, you just knew nothing could go - possibly go wrong. You didn't think about things going wrong. And the air was so fresh and your breakfast tasted good and you went outside and you loved everybody and so forth. That's tone 4.

This has happened to a lot of people a lot of times. There's hardly anybody in his lifetime who hasn't experienced at least a few periods of 4.0.

A person could have three quarters of his engrams intact and still be at 4.0. Well, we have a difference here of definitions. It is not an absolute state. You could take a person at 4.0 who had few, if any, engrams, you could still get him enturbulated so he would momentarily act on a 1.5. It's certain that you could! You could throw him enough bad news and enough trouble to enturbulate his existing theta and he would come down. The difference is that he'd go back up. And your person with lots of engrams and secondaries, if pulled down that suddenly and that sharply, would only go back a part way. That's the liability of the engram. You understand this?

Anybody, then, could be a 4.0 just like anybody could be dead.

Now, halfway between this we have 2.0, and at 2.0, of course the band of antagonism - the person is pretty antagonistic - but we just use this in Dianetics as an arbitrary split point. According to the findings - it's an arbitrary point more or less but it is borne out by empirical evidence.

We can say that people above 2.0 tend more toward survival than toward nonsurvival. Their solutions and actions will tend more toward survival than nonsurvival. But people below 2.0 will tend more toward succumbing than toward survival and the lower they get on the Tone Scale, the more they will tend to succumbing, until you get around a 0.5 who's talking all the time about suicide, or talking about suicide so that you will get so unhappy that you will die; because of course these 0.5, for instance, would try to work 0.5 on all the dynamics including you.

And you get a person at 3.0, about all this person can do for you is try to get you to survive! And you get a 0.5 and a 3.0 and the 3.0 is saying, "Oh, yeah, well, you want to go on living, of course you want to go on living. Life is beautiful, wonderful. Look, see?" 0.5 looks around and he doesn't see and he says to the 3.0, he says, "Well, how can you possibly go on living in this horrible, ugly, disgusting world. This is a horrible world, you know that." You've got a difference of viewpoint. Or is it a difference of viewpoint? One is trying to die and the other is trying to live.

Now, people below 2.0 will, in spite of themselves, attempt to commit suicide. Maybe they'll only try to kill off their automobile by running into the curb regularly, but they will do some destruction toward this; they'll tend this automobile toward death.

If you loaned your car to a 1.0 for a very long period of time, you would find out that this car did not run as well as when you loaned it. And if you loaned your car to a 3.0, you'd find out that the car would normally come back to you in better condition than when you lent it.

These derivational differences, then, are not quite as arbitrary as they seem. The Tone Scale derives from an observation of the emotion exhibited by a preclear while running a low - toned secondary or engram.

The preclear starts in, if it's a very low - toned - let's say it's an apathy engram - he starts in at apathy. He works up the band. And all the preclears do this. Sometimes they skip a manifestation or two on the band but they go through this same procedure until they get up to 4.0 according to this engram at which time it erases. That's that.

Some auditors don't realize this and they'll drop the engram when the preclear is only at 2.5, which is boredom.

The preclear is bored with it and he says, "Do I have to go through with this again?"

And the auditor says, "No." "Well, he's evidently - that doesn't worry him anymore, we'll go on to something else." And he hasn't pulled this up to 4.0 at all! He's got one - and - ahalf points to go before that engram is up to the top.

But the first time the preclear runs it, he's apathetic about it, let us say. The next time he runs it he's kind of covert about it; he'd kind of like to get mad about this but he doesn't dare or he may be afraid in that period. That's right, apathy, yeah. Then he's so sad, then he's probably covert in his - he'd love to say, "I think my mother ..." but he doesn't, and he says, "Well, she probably had her worries. She was very good to me." And then he gets to 1.5, which is anger, and he says, "So! At last I've got her!" And then he gets to antagonism, so he says, "Well, she was certainly ornery to me. Yeah, I'd sure like to give her a piece of my mind now." And then he goes up and so he's bored with it.

Well, if the auditor dropped it at that, he'd be in bad shape, so you run it again and you find out that - well, he doesn't care much about it. As a matter of fact, he'd like to think about something else. He's kind of happy about other things and he's glad he's getting rid of this thing. And right there it may do a bounce; it may come up to a false four and then sink again. You know, all of a sudden there's a little relief and he goes "ha!" and he laughs about it for a moment and then it comes down and you've got to pull it back on up again.

It'll finally stabilize here at 4.0 and he's perfectly happy about the whole thing at 4.0. He not only does not care about it but he is not bored with it. It is no longer any factor with him and he is happy with life. That is 4.0.

So observing this reaction on the part of preclears, it was possible many years ago to postulate the existence of some sort of an emotional band and study this. And by studying it, a great deal of material has turned up.

It is now possible to take affinity, communication and reality and treat them at the top as relatively pure manifestations and then see that they become more and more dissonant until they finally get so far apart, the three of them, that they null each other. That would be death.

Now, the best way to visualize this would be a pure piano note and then a piano note with another one struck which is slightly off. That would be 2.5. It's not bad enough yet to do anything about but you don't care for it.

And then you strike one that's a little bit further off and you get - well, you don't like this, this is a little bit - it's something that antagonized you a little bit. Then you get one that's harshly counteractive - that's anger. And then one that's a little bit too far off and the person isn't angry and it just vibrates badly, but these affinity, communication, reality lines are having a hard time hanging together at that point.

A little bit lower than that, it's obvious that they're not going to hang together and that is loss or grief. And then they aren't hanging together and that's apathy. And then they don't hang together at all, they null each other, and that's death.

And you can figure this out, by the way; it figures out very neatly. You can then - you could have rederived the Tone Scale from affinity, communication and reality and have Postulated that a prelcear would go through these various manifestations as he ran an engram. That is the backbone and the origin of the Tone Scale.

Now, the Tone Scale had so much more data in it that it had to be expanded, and expanded into human evaluation until, by placing a person at some position on the Tone Scale - if you find out where he is on the Tone Scale, you can tell how much responsibility he's going to manifest, how much persistence he's going to manifest. You can tell how he's going to treat children; you can tell how he's going to talk to you, how he's going to listen to you. You can tell what he'll do with a message that you give him to give somebody else. You can also tell just rather automatically the physiological condition this person is going to be in.

If somebody came up to you and said, "This is a 1.1 that I am talking about," the auditor could do a forecast in his mind of the kind of person he was going to meet. He'd figure out what this person would do under any given circumstances. If this person was actively a 1.1 on the Tone Scale, the auditor would know immediately what he was going to meet in the way of personality, and would he be able to predict more or less the reactions of this human being all the way along the line.

Now, that would be a handy thing to have around, wouldn't it?

There's one of the things in it: The ethic level of the human being is established on it very clearly. Get somebody at 1.1 that tells you, "You know, I'm all in favor of having a board of standards. We've got to have standards because this has got to be an ethical operation. I am very ethical! I won't stand for anything unethical!" He may talk like that (and a lot of 1.1s do) but if you look up some of his manifestations and you see that these manifestations pin him at 1.1, watch out! I don't care how often this person says that he is ethical; this person will cut your throat.

On the other hand, you have a fellow who is 3.5 on the Tone Scale and somebody comes up to you and says, "You know, this fellow murdered a man and robbed his dear old mother back in Keokuk, and we have positive and absolute evidence that he did this." Skip it. He didn't. He just didn't do it, that's all!

An auditor watching this and studying his preclears over very much of a period of time would be able to forecast, then, what a human being would have done in given circumstances. This is a chart of evaluation and in processing it is possible, then, for you to pick up the kind of processing this person needs and the kind of processing which will work on this person by looking him up on the Tone Scale.

You can evaluate him and find out where he lies on the Tone Scale. And once you have evaluated him, it will tell you the ratio of theta to entheta on his case. And on the charts, you don't even have to know that it tells you the ratio. You look over here in the processing column and it says, "Lock - scan, don't run any engrams." Or it says, "Can run secondaries if you are careful." You don't run any engrams, probably, you might not do any Lock Scanning on this case. In other words, it tells you the type of processing you ought to use on this case. That would be handy to have, wouldn't it?

Once you evaluate him, then you can't make a mistake because we know that at various positions on the Tone Scale these types of processing can be done. For instance, you can chain scan a 3.5. You can chain scan engrams at 3.5. You can run a person through physical pain and it'll erase just about as fast as you hit it - 3.5 though! This person is a Dianetic Release already. Most all of the entheta is gone out of the bank already.

You started to chain scan somebody at 1.5 through engrams - (whistle) boom!

Now, furthermore, you start to run an engram on a person who is a 2.5. That's fine. You can run this engram on this 2.5. You can get away with it just very nicely. But supposing you didn't run this engram out and there was an action phrase in it that caused the track to group. The track might possibly, just barely, group at that point temporarily until it's keyed out by Straightwire.

But if you ran somebody at 0.8 through an engram and you hit one of these action phrases, boy, that engram command phrase is law,. And if it says, "Everything comes in here at once," there goes the time track, crunch! You've got a ,grouped track. Furthermore, this person hasn't got enough theta to invest into this thing to undo it, so you've just made the case tougher.

Now, this tells you, then, what you can do with a case and what you can't do with it. And you'll find out that the heavy, slug processing ... You'll find out as you process cases that you can get one that's well up the line and you can start this kind of processing and you can actually bring him back down the line again.

Now, I'm going to draw you a picture of the four types of case - really only four types of cases. This is derivational as far as the Tone Scale is concerned. I'm going to show you the basic theory of processing. You can read it off of this Tone Scale and it'll tell you what you can do and what you can't do. You can evaluate human beings very precisely and you can find this. And you will have to do this, really, in order to produce what you want and produce people who are good releases and so forth rapidly.

But there are four types of cases: The first case probably would be - here is a time track, a straight vertical line - and now I'm going to show you the entheta around this track. In other words, this thing looks like a plume. Here's birth conception down here at the bottom, here's present time up here. This is all entheta. That's type of case number one. This case is very heavily occluded or this case - and boy, get this one - may be wide open. This case might have sonic and visio and everything else but this track is just shrouded in entheta. If the person has got sonic and visio and has the track completely covered and just his whole life span just bogged down in entheta, why, he's obviously psychotic. This is the worst kind of psychotic you can get. This person doesn't have any shut - offs by which he can protect himself or protect his existing theta. Well, you've got to fish this person up by inches.

Or this could be the occluded case which is actually performing well up the Tone Scale but has got this section of the analyzer blocked off and is using that section of the analyzer. This person would have to have pretty heavy endowment in order to function and be a 2.5 or a 3.0 as far as conduct is concerned, but his case wouldn't be. The second you start into that case, you see that it's this heavily shrouded, why, you've got a job on your hands of pulling this case to pieces and doing something with it.

You understand that a person can function, very often even low - toned cases with a heavy endowment - can function way up the Tone Scale. These people are in danger, by the way, because when something hits them there is too much there to trap, the enturbulation resulting in their existing theta endowment.

All right, here's case two. Here's the time track. That's just circles showing clouds and areas of entheta and you notice that there's blanks in between. This is just representative of less enturbulence on this case. Here is the time track and it's not completely covered. These entheta areas are then broken up into chunks - you see that - instead of one whole mass of entheta.

Now we get the next one. And here we have thesehere's the time track again, and here are these cigar - shaped blobs here. That case is - you see the entheta there is centralized and not terribly effective. The incidents are all lying there separately; they aren't great masses of entheta on, but these things are still kind of hard to hit.

Now we come to the last case on it - your vertical line for a time track, with conception at the bottom, present time at the top and straight lines crossing this, demonstrating the engrams and secondaries.

Now, this would be the four types of case. But don't you see, this is all progressively the same case. A case can start in anywhere, on any one of these things. A person can be here as case number two with just great blobs of entheta more or less separate, or a person could have these areas of entheta on the track or the person could have each incident lying separate, distinct in itself, with all these perceptics - twentysix perceptics - on every engram.

Now, this could be your four types of case.

Mind you, your individual can be a wide - open case - a wide - open case - and can still be number one. Everything this person runs into on the track is kind of sad. His whole case is enturbulated. This is the dangerous one. Or this person can merely be very heavily occluded. And this person can be heavily occluded and still have functioning free theta and the case still very much snarled up. You understand how that could be? He's compartmented off his theta so it doesn't enturbulate like the entheta on the case. He's sort of split up his brain or his personality and he's laid away a compartment of it, and "I can think with this," he says. And as far as the rest of it's concerned, "We've put it behind circuits and walls."

This should tell you immediately not to tackle circuits. Don't worry about circuits anymore; they fall in and collapse by themselves.

Now, what's the difference in these four cases? Well, the first one is terrific quantity of entheta compared to the existing theta and very heavily masked.

The second type of case is more entheta than there is theta but the entheta is still lying in patches.

And the third type there is - it's getting up around a solid ratio of about 50/50 but the entheta areas still have a lot of locks in them.

And then you have the last type of case where you have the precise incident.

Now, you must realize what happens and what an engram looks like as it is carried along through life. You should realize what an engram looks like. At first it's just a straight line, over here on case four. At first it's just a straight line. And then one day the thing gets keyed in and goes into restimulation and gets a little bit of a lock. And then the fellow gets a secondary on it and we get this blob here in three. Now, that engram has gotten sort of fatter. It's harder to reach. Some of the perceptics are cut off in it. You understand? Although the secondary apparently lies much later in life, it's actually lying right on top of that engram. It's charging it up. That's a charge - up.

And you get a few more secondaries and a few more locks and that engram starts to be a great big entheta area and it's pulling all kinds of experiences into the thing. And it's gotten so fat by this time that an auditor couldn't possibly contact it as an individual incident. In other words, the entheta is so heavy as to repel theta. The physical pain permitted it to start trapping entheta and every time the fellow got enturbulated a bit, why, this engram would grab some more entheta, and it gets more and more entheta. And finally you get to a point where the combination of the auditor and the preclear in trying to tackle this thing - they just bounce off of it. That is to say, they can't come near it. The fellow doesn't get a somatic on it. He has no sonic on it, there's no reality, there's nothing, because affinity, reality and communication below the 2.0 band are down here in this engram band, are completely reversed to unreality, no communication and no affinity or hatred or dislike or hostility, you see? So he bounces off of this very mechanically, without ever a bouncer being there. He can't get near this engram. It's more heavily charged, more heavily charged, more heavily charged and you finally get it, and when he's really had it laid into him with secondaries and locks and everything, you get your first type of case here - very heavy, just practically just a plume of entheta. All these incidents are jammed up.

Now, this could be called also - although this wouldn't be exactly true - that this could be called "the four ages of the aberree." Number four over there with those precise lines is a little kid. Life is still pretty happy. And number three with the cigar - shaped blobs there, that's just not quite so happy - that's teenage. That's about the time they become political revolutionaries and subscribe to, oh, Frank Sinatra and so forth. And here your blobs, so on, this could be called "after she was married" or "when he lost his first job." Over here, this is your successful, well - adjusted, completely occluded, to - hell with - life - it's - no - fun - anyhow guy.

All right, understand here I've painted up very extreme varieties because I want to show you that the difference between this one, number one, and number four is primarily a difference of getting off locks and secondaries, not a difference of erasing engrams - converting the entheta to theta.

About all you can do with this first type of case here is take the existing theta and try by Straightwire, just memory, on any subject you can think of - any subject - just keep refreshing his mind and taking what existing theta there is and start to open it up, just by memory. And when you've opened this case up a little bit, it'll disenturbulate considerably. The person can have affinity, communication and reality in his past. He can feel that there is some reality about these experiences. His perceptics will pick up a bit. There are various ways of doing this, but what you're trying to do is hold up a reality level.

You go into this case here and at a certain level of reality you keep on picking up deposits of theta along the line and the fellow will start to disenturbulate a bit, and finally his track should start breaking up from the heavy coverage mass - it should start breaking up to these lighter, smaller masses like number two.

Then by number two you're using, by this time, affinity, reality, communication enforcements and breaks, inhibitions ARC breaks and inhibitions, enforcements and inhibitions - and you get the locks out of that, and maybe even a secondary out of that, until you've got case number three over there.

And now you try to run off secondaries and more ARC and some lock scan and get rid of locks any way you can possibly do to streamline this case down to a point where those engrams are lying there in their pristine purity!

And at this time you say, "Go back to basic - basic. You will now begin to scan through all engrams forward to present time. Begin scanning." Snap! And he gets to present time. You do that a few times and you haven't got any engrams left.

Now, out of number two, you'll occasionally find yourself running an engram without wanting to. Certainly you will out of number three - you'll occasionally find yourself running an engram. And certainly out of one, two and three you're going to get all manner of enMEST manifestations. But if you pay any attention to enMEST manifestations beyond letting them take place, you're making a serious mistake!

What I mean by enMEST - gas, solids, energy and such as this: your preclear cries; that's enMEST, those tears are enMEST coming off the case. When the enMEST comes off, the entheta can convert back to theta again.

There's the dope - off. All of a sudden without any volition on your part or any desire on your part as an auditor, your preclear suddenly goes out like a light. You've asked him to remember this and remember that and the first thing you know he dopes off. You just let him go into that dope - off and when he comes out of it a little bit you ask him to remember something else and the first thing you know, he'll go back into the dope - off again. Then you ask him to remember something else and he'll go back into the dope - off again.

Now, you can do this: You can ask him for a phrase which will bring on these dope - offs but you're liable to get him pinned up on the track if you do, if you're working a very rough case over here. So what do you do? You validate his analyzer and him. Don't validate his engrams. In other words, there is the theory of: "What you pay attention to makes that thing important."

You as human beings can create tomorrow's reality by what you think today or what you believe in today. If you believed, all of you, hard enough, that there was going to be a monument out here, a hundred feet square and two miles high, to the pioneers of aviation, and you all believed there was going to be this, and you wanted it to be there and so on, there'd be one there one day, there'd be one there. That's because you believe in it.

But supposing you believed that out there there was going to be nothing but a rotten, mucking hole in the ground, and you all believe this. Well, somebody builds a tenement over someplace else and they throw some dirt someplace else and then they want to have a city dump someplace and you all believed that this one square that we're talking about is going to be in horrible shape. And the next thing you know, it is a rotten hole in the ground. It's a mess.

It depends, then, on what you validate. If you start validating a demon circuit, it will start taking over the preclear. If you start validating the reactive mind exclusively, the analyzer will cut down its thinking capacity just that much - if you only pay attention to the reactive mind.

People who go around saying, "Oh, you're talking out of an engram," they are validating the reactive mind and invalidating the analyzer. Supposing people went around saying, "Well, you couldn't be possibly talking out of an engram; that must be an analytical computation," or "You know, you're so prone to analytical computations; I'm happy to see that you never talk out of engrams," first thing you know, he doesn't.

This experiment has been carried out. You know, of course, that it's not necessary to pay any attention to action phrases. Unfortunately, this does not work in the least below about 2.0. But you can get a person up there on the borderline at about 3.0 and you can actually talk him into ignoring action phrases so that if you talked to him and said that he had - did he have a holder, did he have a bouncer, did he have this, did he have that, he would actually be held and bounced. But if you talked to him on the line of "Well, there's a holder there but of course it couldn't affect you," it wouldn't have any effect on him. In other words, way up the line up here at 3.0, the action phrase can be argued into existence or out of existence. In other words, validated by the auditor or invalidated by the auditor, you understand?

But it's not what the auditor cancels out in the preclear, it's what the auditor believes in in the preclear. And get this: It is the thing to which the auditor gives his affinity, his reality and bill, communication that becomes live and working in the preclear. You understand that? Because this is something on the order of waving a magic wand at somebody and having sparks come out of the end.

You talk to this person and this person says, "I know that's just a demon circuit answer. It couldn't possibly be my file clerk."

Why, supposing you said, "Oh yeah, probably is." Let's see, "Well, let me talk to the demon circuit then." Well, you couldn't any more certainly mask off the file clerk. But supposing you said, "Oh, I think the file clerk could get through that all right, let's just give it a try," you would be surprised how many times that file clerk will come through. It's what you validate!

If you believe in this human being as a sane human being, he will act sane, not because you coax him to but because you are just validating this. This is his reality, then - the sanity. You're telling him this is reality - his sanity.

All right. But supposing you treat him all the time as a neurotic or an aberrated human being. Immediately this person will become more neurotic. I mean, it just works out that way. Even people who are fairly well balanced, if they are around people who are entirely concentrated on nullification, people who are afraid or timid, people who count on their own superiority by making other people less superior, who count on that mechanism to get along in life, are very dangerous because what do they keep validating? They keep validating the shortcomings and the weaknesses of those around them, you see? And by validating those weaknesses and shortcomings they actually bring them into being and make the person weak and make him exhibit more and more shortcomings and so make the person less and less strong and win.

Of course the 1.5, he goes at it a little more directly; he just says, "You're no good!"

All right, you see now, then, if you follow a general rule of never taking something that isn't real to the preclear or never demanding that he believe something that he doesn't feel like believing, if you just follow the general rule of entering the case always only on a certain level of reality - the last limit of reality the preclear will buy - you will keep pressing this case forward on and on and on into the entheta with theta.

But if you go on forward into this case and keep taking things from the preclear which are unreal to him, why, you're advancing the entheta back into the theta. You've just reversed it, and that's bad auditing.

What you want to do is pick up high levels of theta if you possibly can and sweep out any god's quantity of entheta that you can reach. That is the forward way of doing it.

Furthermore, you validate - you validate the analyzer. If the guy starts to boil off, you don't snap your fingers at him and ask him for a phrase, necessarily. Of course, you can on a fairly high - toned preclear. But if you take one that's way down the Tone Scale and you start to ask him for a phrase every time he gives a manifestation, the first thing you know, this guy starts thinking in terms of "I wonder what phrase causes this?" instead of saying, "Well, of course, that might be a phrase but I can overcome that!"

It's what you validate that counts.

Now, your belief in the preclear's ability to recover is very important. Your belief in his ability to think straight and to know what's happened to him is terribly important. And on a reevaluation of what I was doing in auditing and what clearly into view the fact that I never audited anybody in my life - I have to go back over and review things like this; it's not because I'm such a terrific auditor because I sometimes am a rather bad auditor - I get experimentally inclined; but try to find out what I was doing that produced rapid results and then find out why they produced rapid results and then find out how to communicate them and I found out that I invariably was trying to coax into being all of the high - level person I could get my hands on and forget and nullify more or less the bad section of the individual - in other words, ignoring the entheta as being important. Don't give it importance, but give the theta importance.

How would you raise a child using this same theory? Using this same theory you can derive the theta - MEST theory and so forth about all you need to know about raising kids.

For instance Indian children are very obedient, they're very cheerful. They're quite something to be around. An Indian tribe in the old days used to be in connivance on every child. They were all plotting against this child's insanity, because every time this child, voluntarily or otherwise, would pick up a stick of wood to put it on the fire, no matter who was there, they'd say, "Oh, what a good child."

Now, the child would go down to the brook and he was really intending to take this little bag of something down there and throw it away, and somebody would say to him, "Oh, you're going to get some water, what a good child." "You're helping your mother, what a good child." "You're being obedient. You're a good child." And when they were bad children, they ignored them. They just shut them off.

Now, it requires pretty steady nerves and a lot of outdoors to do this. The only reason I'm using it is just to demonstrate there what you validate in a child.

I've seen Indians work this, by the way - Blackfeet It's the most fascinating thing you ever saw in your life.

This kid will suddenly look so bewildered. He's caught off base. What he was actually intending to do was to blow up Bull Moose's tent! And somebody says, "Oh, you're taking that over to your father to give it to him. What a good child." "I guess I was."

So, another thing - and this is particularly important in the Foundation, which is inundated all the time just from preclears with entheta; there's lots of engrams around and so forth - if you keep validating people, you keep raising them up the Tone Scale! And if you start raising them up the Tone Scale, they've got higher and higher and higher deposits of theta - more and more theta - and all of a sudden they are liable to disenturbulate a large area that they ordinarily wouldn't. And you get this funny kind of Straightwire.

I don't know whether any of you've had this happen to preclears, but sometimes a preclear - you can get him way up the Tone Scale and then all of a sudden start directing his attention toward entheta areas in his life (ARC, something like that) and these things will start to go out Pink - Pink - pink. And they have described it to me like, well, like something going up in a little flash, almost an electrical impulse.

They suddenly remember this time when they were a little kid and they were kept in bed and beaten for three weeks and there's a lot of somatics on it and everything else, but you've got them so high up the Tone Scale to remember this thing Straightwire and the whole period goes out - whoosh! And you take them back through the thing and it hasn't any importance! It's gone!

You get the idea of maintaining a high Tone Scale level? If you can get the person up the Tone Scale then he's reaching higher and higher levels, there's more and more theta - you get that out of locks, occasionally out of a secondary - the first thing you know, the circuit automatically goes out. It's made up of a big computational portion of a person's mind and that was all entheta. And it's up against so much theta suddenly that it goes whoosh!

And of course, by the way, if he's way up the scale it'll blow out. But maybe just the circuit itself caves in. If the circuit itself caves in, he'll go clear back down the Tone Scale. And you're suddenly working a guy who's way down the Tone Scale; he's just been flooded with entheta. But he comes back up again.

Sometimes a preclear works in a cycle: raising him up the Tone Scale to the top of the Tone Scale, then he'll hit a big deposit of entheta, he'll get enturbulated and he'll go down to the bottom of the Tone Scale and you raise him back up the Tone Scale again, and each time his average tone comes up a little bit higher. That is to say, the theta he ht - is got is higher and he's manifesting higher on the chart all the time.

When you can really get a fellow where he's functioning fifteen hours a day at tone 3.5, boy, this guy is not much trouble to process. You start in working him and the entheta just starts going out pong like breaking electric light bulbs, boom, boom. It's wonderful to watch.

There is the approach to auditing. The best approach that I can possibly give you to auditing is: do not at any - time swamp our preclear with entheta and enturbulate what theta he's - got. Don't swamp him, don't snow him under, but lead him up the scale - anything to get him up the scale.

As a matter of fact, a motion - picture show is sometimes a better evening's processing than processing. Some people have had so little good present times that their whole life is pretty absent on the subject of theta. They have had such unpleasant present times because remember that time track is never anything but just a stack of present times. It's present time, present time, present time, present time, present time throughout a whole lifetime. They're consecutive moments of present time.

For instance, this instant with you is a present time and therefore it's perfectly valid processing to try to contact this instant. Why go through all the mechanisms of merely recalling it? Why live two minutes beyond it and then go back to it and recall it? Why not experience this minute? It's here! All your perceptics are here. How much are you recording of this moment?

You get a person who is pretty low on the Tone Scale and you just invite him and persuade him to contact this moment or some portion of this moment. Why, heavens on earth, if you're successful in doing that you can end a psychotic break, in some cases. It's quite remarkable. Or if you can just get a person to come to this moment.

One sanitarium, some of the psychiatrists wondered what was this Dianetics and somebody told them, and they told them, "Well, if you just went around the sanitarium ..." I'd done this, many years ago, went around the sanitarium and I'd just say to people, "Come up to present time," and occasionally one would - boon! that was all it took. You get the most remarkable results.

Well, the psychiatrist went around and told people to come up to present time and one girl whose face had been - horrible condition - acne, and who had been very uncommunicative for a long, long time and never talked to anybody, horrible shape, quite insane. Somebody walked up to her and said, "Come up to present time!" That night they were having a party, and she gave a speech to the party on how glad she was to be there. And she really did and she stayed in present time and her acne disappeared and she manifested sanity. That's quite remarkable, isn't it, for a mechanism to work that way?

And yet you could walk through any insane asylum of any size in the land and here and there you'd find somebody - unless he'd been electric shocked, trans - orbital leukotomy and psychiatricized in general - you just tell him to conic up to present time and he'd turn sane. And this fellow might have been there for years.

It's that important to process or recognize that a present time exists.

Now, all I've given you tonight actually is basic theory. Maybe I have snowed you under a little bit. I hope not. Because although there's an awful lot of particularities to know about the Tone Scale, about evaluation, about the tricks of practice and so forth, actually all there is to know about basic theory I have told you tonight. And if you could follow this through or, thinking it over, follow it through and understand this, you've got a grasp on the subject and a grasp of the subject on all its dynamics which will be far in excess of anything that's been known before in Dianetics. And you'll be able to produce better results and more results and faster results with this knowledge.

The main thing that you should remember is, as far as your preclear is concerned, that life is made to be lived and it's just as valuable sometimes for you to straighten out this percale's present time a little bit or send him out and make him have a good time for a while as it is for you to sit down and process him. Because it's present time that counts. It's life and living that counts.

You can undo yesterday's mistakes for an individual, you can undo the pain in his lifetime, you can bring about remarkable results. But if a preclear is very enturbulated in present time, if present time situations are too much for him and you start sending him back down his track, then his past comes up and hits him too and that makes him pretty unhappy.

So you see what you're trying to do? You're trying to get available in present time all of the theta which you possibly can get available. Add to it all you can with your own friendliness, with your own affinity and reality and communication with this preclear, and then knock out, not engrams, not secondaries, not this or that, but the whole thing - knock out entheta in whatever form you may find it, whether it's present time entheta by present time situations or whether it's actual entheta stored on the case in the time track, however you can disenturbulate it, that is good, valid processing and that is valid Dianetics.

Any method which increases the amount of entheta on the case or enturbulates present time for the preclear is not good processing.

Now, if you follow what I've told you tonight, if you understand that it's a process of bringing a person up a Tone Scale, bringing a person little by little up this Tone Scale to a higher and higher average tone throughout his day so that his behavior and his happiness and his manifestations are better and better and better - if you understand that this is your target, you will also be able to make your tone 4s and make people stable at tone 4 - not static, you understand, because they'll still get mad when life hits them - but to make it so they can come up to tone 4, so they can be happy, you'll be doing a good job.

One of the reasons why it has been hard, very difficult for people to bring a person up the Tone Scale was because the auditor might have been 1.5, and he's trying to bring the preclear to 4.0? Oh, no, he never will. He might bring his 1.1 preclear up to 1.5, maybe. But then, by golly, somebody has got to raise the other one to 1.6 and then they've both got to hit a parity on that and then they'd better get each other up to 2.0. And if one drops behind, then the one who is higher had better bring up the guy who is lower. And in such a way, by the use of tone jacks they could get themselves all the way up to the top of the scale.

Now, we have tone jacks for sale. They cost a dollar and a half or a smile. As a matter of fact, I just sold you one.

I want to thank you very much for listening to me and I'll be very happy to answer your questions on this when you've got it straightened out.

Good night.