But what's this have to do with the Tone Scale? Has a great deal to do with the Tone Scale. We always knew that there was some level on the Tone Scale which would exceed logic; because logic is an agreed-upon pattern of thought which follows — bing, bing, bing — by gradient scale from one subject to another subject and brings about an association amongst meaningnesses. And that's logic.

Therefore, we would believe that as we ran up the Tone Scale and got up toward 40.0 on the Tone Scale, we would get out of this associative trick. And we have done so. Meaningness breaks down this associative trick and makes a person capable of associating or not associating at his will, knowingness and command.

And so Book One had some rightness about it — had some rightness about it. The Tone Scale did have a point where differentiation was much, much higher and more workable than association. So we have gone much higher than we have gone before. There is a point, then, on the Tone Scale of independent existence which isn't simply the postulate — that's way up: You simply make a postulate and something occurs; you make another postulate and it un-occurs. That's an unimaginably high level; it's almost ungraspable by the routine preclear. But this Meaningness Processing is not, and it lies below that level. So we're building a bridge on this up to that high level of make a postulate, unmake it and so forth, and part of that postulate scheme as it winds up there, falls down into meaningness. Now we've got this lower level.

Now let's go down a little lower on the Tone Scale and let's describe this thing a little bit better. We've got this terrifically imaginative, high-flown level of serenity where the individual, exteriorized in no universe, simply says, "Let there be light" and bang! there's light. "I want it dark" — bang! there's darkness, as something else than he had before, see. He's all set now, see, he can go on and make a universe. But that's awfully high. That is such a high principle that man has assigned that attribute only to God.

All right. Let's come down scale and get amongst us — heh! — amongst us Theta Exteriors. And what have we got? First level down from the top is meaningness. You got an object, what's it mean? It's what it says it means; it's what you say it means; you're what it says you mean — any way you want to play it. And then we go down and we get an agreed-upon set of meaningnesses, and we get logic. And there is our first level of thinking as we know thinking.

Now, thinking is an agreed-upon association of ideas — an agreed-upon associating of ideas leading along certain gradient scales to the production of certain answers and conclusions. In other words, it's a slow way to make a postulate. And it's a good way to justify having made one.

But we come down below that and we come down below logic and we get into another interesting process. And that process is covered quite adequately in Dianetics 1955! — that process is simply communication. Whether it's "Hellos and Okays" or "That's the way it is" or anything of the sort, communication lies below logic. Actually has no dependency on logic, but nevertheless lies above any level of energy, space, mass. So look at all the levels we have now above universes.

Communication is above universes — because it destroys them, so therefore it must be senior to them. It makes them or breaks them, so it must be senior to universes.

If you just have a fellow — say he's got a bad leg. Now we know that if we move masses around and try to combine with operations and steel tubes and other medical remedies this bad leg, we know we're going to get a persistence of the condition. We conceive this to be fairly inevitable. But if we have this fellow sit there and have his leg say hello to him and he says hello to his leg — just this kind of a drill; nothing fancier than that — he will experience changes in the legs which does not carry with it any great responsibility of change, you see. The leg will change. Something will happen to the masses of that leg. That's a cinch. So we're above the level of the behavior of masses, spaces and energies if we have thought alone handling them.

Now, any religious leader in any time would have given away his finest mountain, his very best cassock (or hassock or whatever they wear), if he could have demonstrated that thought was senior to masses and wealth and swords and matter. Now, he knew this instinctively. He'd see these armies clashing with armies and these populaces struggling, these palaces building, and he could become philosophic about it. And he knew there was something that was superior to all this. But all he did was say, "It is superior. The spirit, the concerns of the spirit, are superior." And when he'd gone completely into apathy, he then began to say, "The mind has something to do with it." He no longer dared quite say, "It is a spiritual manifestation." He said, "It's some kind of a mechanical gimmick that works this out" — and we got the first psychologist. He said, "The mind is a pretty mighty thing." See, that's way down scale.

Let's look at this other, though. Supposing this person wishing to demonstrate this, had at his command just one function that a spirit could perform — just one — and by its performance could demonstrate that all masses, spaces and objects were apparently, at least, junior to thought; because thought could be seen to erase them, eradicate them, change them, alter their persistence and characteristics. And we, today, have that in Scientology. And we have it in communication.

Let me tell you something that happened. Fellow came in — he wanted to make a big bargain with the HASI. He wanted to make a big bargain. He wanted — I don't know — eight or nine thousand hours of processing or something, and pay us at the end of the time if he could see any visible results. Well, I'd looked at this sort of thing before and I told one of the boys to go ahead — give him twenty-five hours and kiss him goodbye, because he obviously is going to swindle us one way or the other.

The fellow was incapable in processing, by the way, of thinking an independent thought. He couldn't think a thought. You would say, "Think a thought" and that'd be the end of him. He was rough — rough shape. But he had two eyes which were both blue with cataracts, and one of which — the left — had no vision in it at all. So we just set him up on the research line — poor auditor. I said to the auditor, "Dick, I want you to give 'Hellos and Okays' to that eye for twenty-five hours. And only the left eye, Dick, not the right."

This was no intention whatsoever to alter the person's spiritual outlook or beingness. The sole and entire intention was simply to demonstrate, one way or the other — not to the fellow, but to the Research Department — that communication was senior to any healing or masses or spaces or considerations of any kind. This fellow couldn't even put up a tough enough consideration to bar this from happening.

It was his service facsimile. He didn't want to lose that any more than he wanted to lose his wife and farm and town. He needed those cataracts and that blind eye. He knew that. He was convincing somebody of something. And an auditor sits there calmly and dispassionately without anything else for twenty-five hours and has hellos and okays going between himself and that eye, and at the end of twenty-five hours the man could see with that eye and it had no cataract. But the right eye still had its cataract complete. Black magic — or a higher level of religious performance than man has been accustomed to.

Now, of course, if Dick had been hotter than he is, undoubtedly Dick would simply have had to have said, "Aleikum salaam, presto cataract gone-o," and the guy would have gotten immediate change and consideration on the Cadillac and the preclear would have drove off in a hayrick, stone stark staring mad. This you could have been fairly certain of — this would have been such a shock. Well, Dick didn't do that. He merely took the cataract out of the man's eye.

By the way, the preclear had not been changed. We had changed him physically but he had not been changed spiritually to any degree whatsoever. He came in at the end of the week and he says, "Well, I want more processing. My wife, who was violently opposed to Scientology last week, having watched this, insists that I get more processing now. And I want more processing. And I want processing until I can see some visible result." His wife, his auditor, everybody at the Guidance Center, the Registrar and so forth, all witness to the fact that this has really changed, you know, and he said, "I have no visible result. I can see my hand now in front of my face with this eye and I have no visible results if processing is doing me any good whatsoever." No. He was talking exactly the same way as he was talking the first day he walked in — really mixed-up, incapable of receiving a proof or observing a fact or noting any change of any kind. So nothing had changed about the person, we had simply changed an eye.

What's startling about this? It's startling in that it isn't being done every day. That's what makes things startling. And it's our goal and mission to make it much less startling in the very near future.

Now, our business is not medicine. That's a fairly low level of operation that has to do with patch-up, rehabilitation. And here we have, however, something far more important: We can demonstrate today that thought, and an action of thought, is senior to matter. That little experiment is just one of many.

We can upset a preclear considerably by making the walls disappear for him, just by using communication. If you were to set a preclear down and have him simply have the walls say hello and he says okay, and then he says hello and the wall says okay, and you keep this up back and forth, various things will happen to his case, this is certain. But after a while something — he's going to get into a level where something's going to start happening to that wall. If he's in horrible shape, maybe it'd take seventy-five or a hundred hours of such an exercise to finally bring him up to a point where something started to happen to the wall. But something's going to happen to the wall.

I well recall a DScn in Phoenix. He's very, very good — exterior — and he was doing a very nice job of auditing around and so on. And I showed him how to as-is a molecule. You know, you get exactly — you make an exact duplicate of it at the place with the material and with the consideration with which it was made. And we made an exact duplicate of a molecule and the molecule goes pffsst! All right. I said, "Now let's take a corner of that brick. Now make an exact duplicate of every molecule, atom or electron or proton that you find there. Make an exact duplicate."

Being exterior, he goes over, you know . . . "Hey!" There was a chip gone out of the top corner of the brick. Now if we'd kept it up .. .

It's a very interesting thing, the old, old story of the line of mice, you know — or cockroaches or whatever it is in the fairy tale — that go into the silo and each one carries out a grain of wheat. I suppose that would be one way to get the job of making this universe vanish — if that was one's job — come about. You know, just sort of chip away, atom by atom, molecule by molecule. I suppose something would happen eventually.

But the point is, Muhammad (and that is not Muhammad, by the way, that's another one) didn't come to the mountain or go to the mountain or anything of the sort — the religious leader didn't — but there was another fellow, a monk, who couldn't make the mountain move. And we hope to get good enough one of these days so that he could have used this. You see, you just as-is it where it is, psheww! — which is no mountain — and mock it up where you are. It's actually in the tradition of religion that these things can occur. And in Scientology, we're moving forward with very solid technologies (not mysteries) that demonstrate their occurrence, which is a fantastic thing. All right.

Now let's take something much more important and much more factual on this Tone Scale. We have come down to a point which is senior to spaces, energies and masses. We have two specific, highly workable processes which are above these levels. One of them is communication, just as such. And the other one is Meaningness Processing. And we all know about postulates — so there's actually three processes above any level where we have anything like a universe.

But when we come down and get into masses, spaces, energies, time and so forth, we drop lower on, and lower on, the Tone Scale to the degree that we get into more masses, more energies, more spaces and more time. And we get a foreverness at the bottom of the Tone Scale, which is an interesting thing — that is not suddenly appeared. That is a foreverness, that mass which you see. It's a foreverness persisting. The trick is, it has no time in it. It doesn't have time in it, and so of course it persists.

You have time to the degree that you postulate it. And if you depend on this stuff to give you the time, you will very shortly have no time at all. Because it has no time and you will have duplicated it. And thus we get the fellow rushing around in circles saying he has no time to do anything, he has no time to play, he has no time to work, he has no time, no time, no time, no time. We'll find out this fellow's very MESTy, he's very solid with regard to existence. He's duplicating the physical universe with no time. If we just have him make some time for a while, he'll come out of this.

We say, "All right, invent some time." Or "Make some time. And make some time. Make some time. Make some more time. Make some more time." He's liable to comm lag on it by the hour before he finally gets down to a point to where he understands your question. But then he starts postulating time, you see. And as soon as he starts postulating time, he then has time, and starts coming up Tone Scale.

But one of the characteristics of the Tone Scale is that as you go down scale, less and less time is postulated and more and more time is apparent. See? We're getting away from the postulate, and at the exact bottom of the scale, on a level of unimaginable depth, there wouldn't even be a universe there anymore because people wouldn't have the sensibility sufficient to perceive it. And we've noticed that fairly well up scale before we get to that, a thetan stops perceiving the universe. He stops perceiving it because he stops putting it there. And when he no longer puts it there, he can't perceive it. And you get somebody three feet back of his head and he doesn't see any walls and he can't find his body and he doesn't know what it's all about and he's confused or he sees it all as blackness or shooting stars or something. There's nothing in the world wrong with him except he's just stopped putting the universe there. And of course it's not there unless he puts it there. There's no time there unless he puts it there. Time is a created thing. The manifestations of life are created by the thetan, they're not found by him.

And as soon as we recognize this clearly, we begin to make wonderful progress. But more important, we begin to understand this thing called the Tone Scale. And the Tone Scale could be called "from the level of the postulate to the foreverness of lifelessness, a progress into space, energy, time and matter." The Tone Scale is a deeper and deeper progress into MEST. But the funny part of it is, when you hit the bottom, all MEST ceases. You can go out the bottom of the scale; you can go out the top of it. But these fellows who try to go out the bottom of it and take a body with them are rarely successful. Because the body won't go down that low.

Now let's take the next characteristic of this scale. The scale is a very wide scale for the thetan — the spirit. It goes from Lord knows what minus point to goodness knows what tremendous height. We could only guess at these things in terms of that and then set them down in MEST, because there's not enough MEST to set them down in. Because he goes down to a level where there isn't any, and he goes up to a point of where he can create it. All right. Then if we're talking about a spirit with this enormous band, we must be talking, really, about two sections of the same Tone Scale: we're talking about the body's position on the scale and the spirit's position on the scale. And we've got this tremendous scale where we have to do with the thetan; we've got this little tiny scale where it has to do with the body. And we demark on this Tone Scale the numbers 0.0 to 4.0 to more or less denote the boundaries of the body.

Now, the body is very well boundaried. It goes down in the earth a few miles or up into the air a few miles and it no longer exists. It gets a few degrees too hot or a few degrees too cold and it can no longer exist. It gets a little bit too much or a little bit too little oxygen and it no longer exists. Very fragile thing. Feed it too much or you feed it too little, you give it one one-millionth of an ounce of the latest psychiatric — huh! — cure; one one-millionth of ounce of a drug that we investigated many, many years ago called LSD, which is the new psychiatric cure: It makes everybody a schizophrenic. That's right. And it was just advised that everybody should use this now. No curative value known. But it does — when you give it to nurses in mental hospitals, it does give them a better insight into the patient. (audience laughter) Talk about descent into MEST!

Anyway, the boundaries of the body are narrow. The body can command an awful lot of interest because it can be in so much peril. Turn on the gas for a couple of minutes in the house — body doesn't like it. You could be in a room as a spirit — a room totally filled with phosgene gas — and say, "(sniff-sniff) Phosgene gas."

So we're looking, when we look at the body, at this fragility — great fragility. And Body Death is at 0.0 on this Tone Scale, and about the highest point the body reaches is maybe 5.0 in the extreme. Here's this tiny little scale. This huge Tone Scale and this tiny little scale.

The big advance about the Tone Scale — quite in addition to being able to demonstrate its positions on the upper scale — occurred, however, in the subzero Tone Scale, not in the body scale. The big advance has been between -8.0 and 0.0.

Now, there are some fill-ins which are still accurate which occur on the minus zero scale of Scientology 8-80. That minus scale is still valid. But these new ones are so startling and so powerful and so much the key to exteriorization that it was necessary to crowd out the others — such as Approval from Bodies and so forth on the old subzero scale — and just put these new ones in. You'll see that on your plotting sheets.

Now, what are these buttons on the minus zero Tone Scale? A spirit obviously can go lower down scale than Body Death. That's very obvious. Body dies, spirit might even stay in it but he'd still be alive, and then will exteriorize. But he's at a lower level than the body. He can see less well than the body. He can do all sorts of things less well than the body. And so he gets onto the minus scale. So Body Death is that high level of 0.0, and a thetan can go on down to -8.0.

Well now, let's progress upward from -8.0, which is about as far south as you're going to find the thetan. Now he can get further south, but you're not going to find him. And that at -8.0 is Hide.

And just above Hide is Protect. Now, those are two old buttons, but they're quite important. How far south can you go? Hide. And when you come just a little bit north from that, you start to protect. That's as a thetan.

Now, when you get just a little bit above Protect, you get Own. Ownership. And there's where Ownership belongs. We're not up to Body Death yet. We get Ownership. And we go just a bit above Ownership and we get Responsibility — the idea of being responsible for. And we go just a little bit above Responsibility and we get Control. And we go just a little bit above Control and we get Body Death on this scale.

What's important about this? It's just this: that Ownership, Responsibility and the Start, Stop and Change of Control (see, control is start, stop and change) — just this — that Ownership, Responsibility and Control are the three buttons which are most pertinent to exteriorization. And these have been isolated.

And so if you can get a person up scale to a point where he can work with these buttons, it is a great certainty that you will exteriorize him one way or the other. In other words, a person is held down — a person is held down in a body by Hiding, Protection, Ownership, Responsibility, Control, then a little bit higher than that, Body Death.

Now, the only method of exteriorization known (as I will talk about later) to man at this time — or a little earlier (he doesn't know about it now — see, he doesn't know about exteriorization, but a little bit earlier he knew about it) and that was death.

How do you exteriorize? Well, you die, of course. And then you'll get out of the body. Simple. Boy, if that doesn't look like about the weakest line of self-determinism I ever heard ofl You mean you've got to kill this object called a body in order to get out of it? Well, what are you doing in it? How'd you get into that kind of a condition?

And yet do you know, actually, that there are people walking the streets today that do not know they are in a body? They believe they are a body. Now that's the darnedest thing! And there are a lot of other people walking the streets today who are in a body. Can you imagine anybody getting into a body? Why would you get into a body? It's all very well for you to say, "Well, the body grabbed me and pulled me in." But it seems to be a remarkable place to get yourself parked. You know, you'd have to think a long time to think of that. There are all kinds of places where you could get stuck — much more interesting, I'm sure. And you could also get in — stuck in other people's bodies, as far as that's concerned. But to be parked in the middle of a body or in its head or its left ear or two inches in front of its eyes or something like this, and stuck there, is one of the more remarkable things that could happen to a spirit. It is singular. It is remarkable. It takes a great deal of hard, earnest, honest doing to get stuck in a body.

Well, the process which an individual uses to get stuck in a body is to get all mixed up with control with energy. You know, let's start energy by pushing and pulling energy; let's get everything stopped or changed by changing its mass. In other words, it's almost a complete desertion of the use of a postulate in handling energy. In other words, that is control: handling start, stop, change with energy.

When an individual starts doing this — he starts making his legs move by himself mocking up a moving beam of energy — he's the most remarkable-looking puppet you ever saw in your life. He's all strung up with wires and crossbars, all kinds of clanky systems. All he has to do is say, "The body will now walk," and it'll walk. But instead of that, he gets all these systems rigged up so that he can start, stop and change this body. Well now, that's one of the primary reasons he gets stuck in one: He starts changing everything so he persists in every position he occupies. Drrrr! He walks down the street. How many — assuming that positions are one foot apart, how many positions does he pass through in walking one block? Three hundred. If he's moving the body down the street, see, with energy, he's now stuck in three hundred places. Each position is persisting. Fantastic. How can anybody get in this much trouble? Well, maybe they think it's fun. All right.

Now let's go down one step lower and let him conceive of responsibility. That he is responsible for an action, which he means "to blame for an action," which infers there is something wrong with the action which has occurred. We get an action and he says, "Oh," he says, "I'm responsible for that." There must have been something wrong with this action, you see. He is the person who has been selected out as the cause of all the wrongness of the action, and that's what we really mean by that level of responsibility.

By the way, did you ever know any people like this: All the wrong actions that occurred in their vicinity, you did; and all the right actions, they did. Well, a person begins to assume that he is responsible across the boards for all of the wrong actions, and that sticks him.

Then he thinks that he owns it. He owns the body or he owns this or he owns that or he owns somebody else's postulates — they're his — and he gets his ownership mixed up and we practically have finished him right there at that point. He's really stuck. Now he's stuck. And unless he undoes some of this remarkable mental gymnastic and changes his mind about it slightly, he'll go right on being stuck, stupid, a machine. And he will be liable to all of the things to which a machine is liable. He'll be liable to illness, to destruction, to misplaced nuts and bolts and lack of oiling. He will have to seek out the medicos, the electric-shock machines, if anything happens to him. He reminds you of the Tin Woodman from Oz, going around trying to find an oilcan. He behaves like this, and he also behaves without moral value or consideration for his fellows, or good communication with them — which is about all you need to say about his conduct.

Now, this Tone Scale then, just to give it a rapid pass, has come from the narrow band which was occupied . . . Well, first and foremost there was that theoretical scale in Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. And then there was the small band as expanded in Science of Survival about this Body

Death to Enthusiasm and the emotional scale. Now that Tone Scale, covered in Science of Survival, was all that we used in Dianetics.

But now today we are using a very wide Tone Scale which goes from minus zero clear on up to Serenity. And with good auditing and a good understanding of the subject, we apparently have the majority of the buttons on it and can use them beneficially. The key buttons that were missing, and their proper position, were Ownership, Responsibility and Control, and they belonged on the minus zero scale.

Along with these came a whole bunch of processes — interesting processes. Consequence Processing: "What would happen if you hid? What would happen if you didn't hide? What would happen if you owned something? What would happen if you controlled something?" Just ask that over and over of a preclear.

Give you an example of this type of processing — another slight type of process — not "what would happen," but "how would you?" Asking the modus operandi: "How would you go about controlling somebody else?" I asked this of a medico who was a good friend of mine. I asked this of him, and we worked for an hour and a half and we just beat this question to pieces. I just asked him this over and over: "How would you go about controlling somebody?" And this fellow told me: drugs, poison, anesthetics, drugs, hypnotism, voodoo, distant control of his mental faculties, drugs, surgery (yeah, surgery was pretty good), poison, anesthetics, voodoo, hypnotism. He never came off of it. The process was too high for the preclear. He never flattened the comm lag on it. I had to undercut it and go down to: "How would you hide something?" And this (snap) — he was right there. Hide — he could get that; people hid things from him all the time.

Having the Tone Scale, we could predict where the individual would have a reality. And so we again use the reality factor. Always process the preclear at the preclear's level of reality and advance upward from that point. You have to find his level of reality in order to process him. The Tone Scale tells you that you will find his level of reality one point below his level of confusion. Now, isn't that cute?

So if you find what he is doing obsessively and unknowingly, obviously and stuckedly, just drop a point and he can process at that point. In other words, this medico was controlling — he was obsessively, continually control, control, control — with these very things he told me were the methods of control. But there was no cognition, there was no thought connected with it at all. He was just going through an endless drill. These things weren't real to him. He'd put somebody on the operating table and cut his throat and it wasn't real, the blood wasn't real, nothing was real. That wasn't his level of reality. So I said, "Well, this is pretty tough, so I'm not going to drop just one level, I'm going to drop three." Dropped four, and he got it. There was his level of reality.

The Tone Scale is basically composed of affinity, communication and reality. The factors of reality and communication are today very, very well understood. There is more that could be understood about affinity, but I'm not rushing things.

Now, the Six Basic Processes and the use of this scale are knocking people out of their heads. In other words, exteriorizing them, giving them greater freedom.

What exteriorization is . . . By the way, that's one of the best little auditing tricks you ever ran into: You just ask a person for hours, "Well, what is exteriorization?" If he's not completely batty, why, after you've asked him this a lot of times, for hours, and gotten his answers and given him acknowledgment and so forth on the thing, he'll tell you, "I'm back of my head." Interesting.

If you even go at him accusatively and you say, "What are you doing in that body?"

And he says, "I don't know that I'm in a body."

"Yeah, I know, but what are you doing in that body?"

And he says, "Well, I don't know that I'm in a body. What do you mean? I'm a body."

You say, "Well okay, what are you doing in the body?" And you just talk to him like this — just question, question, question. "What are you doing in that body?" That's much rougher.

It's much easier to sit there and ask him, "What is exteriorization? All right, that's good. Fine. Thank you. What is exteriorization? Now, what is exteriorization?"

And the fellow's back here saying, "Well, exteriorization is some silly thetan that's gotten into a head and thinks he can control it by operating wires or something, and — that's interiorization. And exteriorization is not doing that, like I'm doing now: I'm back here, back of the body, and ..."

So we've got exteriorization pretty well licked. And we also know where this affinity, reality, communication triangle stacks. We know that we have to process the preclear at his reality. And we know that communication is the solvent for anything. And we know that affinity is a lot of fun.

Thank you.